Page 246 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV loZJh ?kks"k rFkk pkS/jh (Ghosh and Chowdhury) osQ vuqlkj] ^^eè;kad Js.kh esa ml in dk ewY;
gS tks fd Js.kh dks nks cjkcj Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vrk gS ftlesa ls ,d Hkkx esa eè;kad ls de vkSj nwljs Hkkx
esa eè;kad ls vf/d ewY; gksrs gSaA**

mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls ;g Li"V gS fd eè;kad nh gqbZ pyjkf'k osQ ekuksa osQ chp okyh jkf'k dk eku
gksrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] fdlh d{kk osQ 31 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mudh mQ¡pkbZ osQ vuqlkj ,d iafDr esa [kM+k djus
ij 16ok¡ fo|kFkhZ fcYoqQy chp dk fo|kFkhZ gksxk vkSj mlh dh mQ¡pkbZ mu 31 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh mQ¡pkbZ
dh ekfè;dk gksxh D;ksafd mQ¡pkbZ ;gk¡ ij py jkf'k (variable quantity) gSA Lej.k jgs fd 16ok¡ fo|kFkhZ
;|fi fcYoqQy chp dk fo|kFkhZ gS] ij 16 la[;k ;k jkf'k eè;kad ugha gS cfYd bl 16osa jkf'k osQ
eku ;k eki dks eè;kad dgsaxsA bl izdkj chp okyk in ;k jkf'k Lo;a eè;kad dk ugha gksrk] mls rks
eè;kad dk ekin.M (scale of measurement) le>uk pkfg,A

mijksDr foospuk osQ vk/kj ij eè;kad dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ Li"V gSaµ
(v) eè;kad fcyoqQy chp okyk in ugha gksrk gS cfYd ml in dk eku ;k ewY; gksrk gSA
(c) eè;kad lEiw.kZ Js.kh dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr dj nsrk gS ftlesa ls ,d Hkkx esa blls de vkSj
nwljs Hkkx esa blls vf/d ewY; gksrs gSaA
(l) eè;kad fudkyus osQ fy;s inksa dks vkjksgh vFkok vojksgh Øe ls ltk ysuk t:jh gksrk gSA

27-9 eè;kad fudkyus dh fof/ (Method of Calculating Median)

eè;kad Kkr djus dh lkekU; fof/ ;g gS fd inksa dks vkjksgh vFkok vojksgh Øe esa yxk fy;k tk;s
tSlsµ1] 2] 3] 4] 5 vFkok 5] 4] 3] 2] 1- blosQ ckn eè; in dks ekywe fd;k tkrk gS_ bl eè;
in dk ewY;] eku vFkok eki gh eè;kad gksrk gSA vFkok ;fn inksa dh la[;k le (even number)
esa gS rks eè; esa dksbZ in u gksus osQ dkj.k eè; osQ inksa osQ ewY;ksa dks tksM+dj vk/k djus ls eè;kad
Kkr gksrk gSA

ljy Js.kh dk eè;kad (Median of Simple Series)

ljy Js.kh dk eè;kad fudkyus osQ fy;s fuEufyf[kr nks lw=kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
;fn fdlh Js.kh esa oqQy inksa dh la[;k dks n eku fy;k tk;s] rks eè;kad dk lw=k bl izdkj gksxkµ
(v) ;fn n le la[;k (odd number) esa gS rks

n + 1
eè;kad Me = osa in dk eku
2
(c) ;fn n fo"ke la[;k (even number) esa gS rks

1  n  n  
eè;kad Me  osa in dk eku $  + 1  osa in dk eku 
2  2  2  

mnkgj.k 8- ,d ijh{kk esa 9 fo|kfFkZ;ksa osQ fuEu izkIrkadksa dk eè;kad fu/kZfjr dhft,µ

25] 15] 23] 40] 27] 25] 23] 25] 20
gyµmijksDr iz'u osQ vk/kj ij eè;kad Kkr djus osQ fy;s ge loZizFke mDr izkIrkadksa dks vkjksgh Øe
(Ascending order) esa j[ksaxsA ,slk rc fd;k tk;sxk tcfd oqQy inksa dh la[;k (n) fo"ke (odd number)
esa gksA izkIrkadksa dks vkjksgh Øe esa j[kus ls fLFkfr bl izdkj gksxhµ

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