Page 31 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

bdkbZµ3% ewy voèkkj.kk,¡ % rF;] voèkkj.kk] fl¼kar vkSj ifjdYiuk

uksV
(4) dksbZ rF; ewrZ ;k vewrZ nksuksa gh gks ldrk gS vFkkZr~ mldk izR;{k n'kZu HkkSfrd ;k 'kkjhfjd :i esa rFkk
ekufld ;k HkkoukRed :i esa Hkh laHko gSA vr% rF; KkusfUnz; xzká (Senses perception) Hkh gS
vkSj vfrfUnz; xzká (extra senses perception) Hkh gSA
(5) rF; ,dkar vuqHko ls Hkh izkIr gks ldrs gSa ysfdu tc mudh fo'oluh;rk vU; osQ }kjk Hkh ijh{k.k
;ksX; gks losQ rHkh gh ge mls okLrfod rF; (pertinent facts) osQ :i esa Lohdkj djsaxsA vr% ;g
ijh{k.k ;ksX; gksrk gSA
(6) rF; fdlh voèkkj.kk dh l`f"V esa lgk;d Hkh gksrs gSa rFkk mldh iqf"V Hkh djrs gSaA vr% ;g cgqmUes'kh
(multi-oriented) Hkh gksrs gSaA ;gh ugha] cfYd ;s gh rF; fl¼kar&fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k (process of
theory building) esa dM+h dk dk;Z djrs gSaA
rF; dh mi;qZDr fo'ks"krkvksa esa ge bl ckr ls rks vk'oLr gks gh tkrs gSa fd budk vè;;u] ladyu ;k
izfrosnu oSKkfud <ax ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA rF; dh fo'ks"krkvksa ij fy[krs gq, izk;% lHkh fopkjdksa us blosQ
,d fo'ks"k i{k dks xkS.k j[kk gS ;k mldh ppkZ gh ugha dh gSA bl vksj T;ksacxZ ,oa jkstj usV (Gideon
Sjoberg and Roger Nett) us laosQr fd;k gSA rF; LohdkjkRed (Positive) vkSj udkjkRed (Nega-
tive) nksuksa gksrs gSa vkSj nksuksa dk lkekftd fØ;k esa mruk gh egÙo gksrk gSA lkekftd vuqlaèkku esa ge igys
dksfV osQ rF;ksa ij vfèkd egÙo nsrs gSa] tcfd] lR; ;g gS fd udkjkRed rF; Hkh mrus gh egÙoiw.kZ gSaA lekt
oSKkfud bu udkjkRed rF;ksa dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrkA vfØ;k (Non-action) Lo;a gh ,d fØ;k (action)
osQ :i esa rF; gS] tSls jk"Vªh; xku osQ le; mBdj [kM+k ugha gksuk vfØ;k gS ysfdu ;g Lo;a ,d rF; gS
vkSj egÙoiw.kZ rF; gSA

3-3 lkekftd rF; (Social Fact)

lkekU;r;k dgk tk ldrk gS fd lkekftd rF; ,d vR;ar tfVy fopkj gS] ftlesa ckárk] ckè;rk vkSj
vifjgk;Zrk osQ xq.k fo|eku gksrs gSaA

D;k vki tkurs gSa nq[khZe osQ erkuqlkj lekt'kkL=k lHkh ekuoh; fØ;kvksa dk vè;;u ugha djrk gS] vfirq]
lkekftd rF; gh lekt'kkL=k osQ vè;;u dh fo"k;&oLrq gSaA

lkekftd rF;ksa dks nq[khZe oLrqvksa osQ :i esa ns[krk gSA nq[khZe us viuh iqLrd (The Rules of Sociological
Method) osQ varxZr ^oLrq* 'kCn dk iz;ksx pkj vyx&vyx lanHkks± esa fd;k gS] tks fuEufyf[kr gSa%
1- lkekftd rF; ,d ,slh oLrq gS ftlesa oqQN fof'k"V xq.k gksrs gSaA bu fof'k"V xq.kksa dks Åijh rkSj ij
ns[kk tk ldrk gSA
2- lkekftd rF; ,d ,slh oLrq gS ftls vuqHko osQ ekè;e ls gh tkuk tk ldrk gSA

3- lkekftd rF; ,d ,slh oLrq gS ftldk vfLrRo euq"; ij ugha vfirq lekt ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
4- lkekftd rF; ,d ,slh oLrq gS ftls ckgjh Lrj ij ns[kdj tkuk tk ldrk gSA
nq[khZe osQ erkuqlkj lkekftd rF; okLro esa lkewfgd psruk dks O;Dr djrs gSaA blhfy, lkekftd rF;
lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk okLrfod izfrfufèkRo djrs gSaA vr% lkekftd rF;ksa osQ vè;;u osQ ekè;e ls lkekftd
?kVukvksa dh eq[; fof'k"Vrkvksa dk vklkuh ls irk ykxk;k tk ldrk gSA pw¡fd ^oLrq* osQ :i esa lkekftd rF;ksa
dk oLrqfu"B fujh{k.k fd;k tk ldrk gS] blfy, lkekftd rF;ksa dks lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk cksèk djus osQ

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 25