Page 70 - DSOC404_METHODOLOGY_OF_SOCIAL_RESEARCH_HINDI

lkekftd 'kks/ dh i¼fr

uksV nsrs gSaA Jherh ;ax (Young) us Hkh fy[kk gS fd ¶Li"V :i ls ifjHkkf"kr bdkb;k¡ u osQoy ;FkkFkZ fujh{k.k osQ
vfirq vè;;u&dk;Z osQ vkxs c<+us osQ lkFk&lkFk ;FkkFkZ uki rFkk rqyuk osQ Hkh vkèkkj cu tkrh gSaA fcuk ;FkkFkZ
rFkk lgh ifjHkk"kkvksa osQ ge vius vè;;u esa osQoy owQM+k&djdV dks gh bdêòk djrs jgsaxsA vLi"V rFkk
vizkekf.kd bdkb;ksa osQ iQyLo:i i;kZIr O;FkZ dh lkexzh dk ladyu vo';aHkkoh gSA¸ Jh ,eú lhú ,yej
us Hkh fy[kk gS fd tgk¡ rd laHko gks] bdkb;ksa dks leLr fojksèkh ;k ifjorZuh; rRoksa (conflicting or
varying elements) ls Lora=k j[kuk pkfg,A ;fn gesa ,d leqnk; osQ ckydksa (boys) dh la[;k tkuuh gks
rks gesa igys ls gh ;g Li"V dj ysuk gksxk fd fdl vk;q rd osQ iq#"k&cPpksa dks ge ^ckyd* dh Js.kh esa
j[ksaxs\ ;fn geus ;g fuf'pr fd;k fd uotkr f'k'kq ls 20 o"kZ dh vk;q rd osQ iq#"k&cPpksa dks ge ^ckyd*
dgsaxs rks gesa vU; laHkkfor ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ lacaèk esa Hkh Li"V gksuk iM+sxkA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn 20 o"kZ dh vk;q
rd ckyd gS] rks D;k 20 o"kZ rd dh vk;q osQ fookfgr o nks cPpksa osQ cki dks Hkh ge ^ckydksa* dh Js.kh
esa j[ksaxs\ ,sls gh gj laHkkfor voLFkkvksa osQ lacaèk esa gesa lpsr jguk gksxkA
5- Hkkoh dfBukb;ksa dk cksèk (Understanding of Future Difficulties)µ'kksèkdrkZ dks vè;;u&dk;Z
vkjaHk djus ls iwoZ gh mu dfBukb;ksa osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh izkIr dj ysuh pkfg, tks izLRkkfor 'kksèk esa mlosQ
lkeus vk ldrh gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn igys ls gh 'kksèkdrkZ ;g irk yxk ysrk gS fd lwpuknkrk lk{kkRdkj
(interview) osQ fy, dc feysaxs ;k {ks=k (field) rd tkus&vkus dh D;k dfBukbZ gksxh rks okLrfod
'kksèk&dk;Z osQ le; O;FkZ gh Je] le; o èku dh cckZnh u gksxhA

6- i¼fr dk pquko (Selection of Method)µ,d vkSj vR;ar O;kogkfjd ckr] ftl ij fd vuqlaèkkudrkZ
dks è;ku nsuk pkfg,] ;g gS fd fo"k; dh izÑfr osQ vuqlkj vè;;u&i¼fr;ksa dk lkoèkkuh ls pquko dj fy;k
tk,A osQoy oqQN vkd"kZd o dfBu i¼fr;ksa dks viuk ysus ls gh 'kksèk&dk;Z dh ;FkkFkZrk dh xkj.Vh ugha fey
tkrh gSA blosQ fy, fo"k; dh izÑfr osQ vuqlkj lcls mi;qDr i¼fr dk pquko ije vko';d gSA ,d fo"k;
osQ fy, tks i¼fr Bhd gS] nwljs osQ fy, ogh fcYoqQy csdkj fl¼ gks ldrh gSA blhfy, pquh gqbZ i¼fr ;k
i¼fr;ksa dk ijh{k.k djosQ mldh mi;ksfxrk dk vuqeku yxkuk rFkk vko';drkuqlkj lqèkkj dj ysuk Hkh
ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA ,slk djus ls okLrfod 'kksèk&dk;Z osQ nkSjku ,d ckj viukbZ xbZ i¼fr dks cnyus dh
vko';drk ugha iM+rh vkSj fcuk fdlh i¼fr'kkL=kh; (methodological) vM+pu osQ 'kksèk&dk;Z vius
fuf'pr y{; dh vksj c<+rk pyk tkrk gSA
7- rF;ksa osQ Ïksr rd igq¡pus osQ lacaèk esa vuqeku (Idea about the Accessibility of the Sources
of Data)µosQoy i¼fr;ksa dk mfpr pquko dj ysus ek=k ls gh 'kksèk&dk;Z liQy ugha gks ldrk tc rd rF;ksa
osQ Ïksrksa osQ lacaèk esaµvFkkZr~ dgk¡&dgk¡ ls fo"k; ls lEc¼ vk¡dM+s o izek.k izkIr gksaxsµbl ckr dk Li"V
vuqeku 'kksèkdrkZ dks u gksA vkSj fiQj osQoy Ïksrksa dk irk gksuk gh i;kZIr ugha gS_ mu Ïksrksa rd 'kksèkdrkZ dh
igq¡p gks Hkh ldrh gS ;k ugha] bldk vuqeku Hkh gksuk vko';d gSA vr% rF;ksa osQ Ïksr rFkk mu rd igq¡p
osQ lacaèk esa 'kksèkdrkZ dks igys ls gh Li"V vuqeku gksuk pkfg,A Jh ohú ,eú ikej (V.M.Palmer) us fy[kk
gS fd dHkh&dHkh rF;ksa osQ Ïksr rd igq¡p u gksus osQ dkj.k chp esa gh 'kksèk&dk;Z dks dkiQh le; osQ fy,
jksd nsuk iM+rk gS vFkok fo"k; dk dksbZ ,d i{k vNwrk jg tkrk gS vr% bl laacaèk esa igys ls gh lpsr jguk
pkfg,A

8- iwoZ&vè;;u o iwoZ&ijh{k.k (Pilot Study and Pre-testing)µJh ,dkWiQ (Ackoff) osQ vuqlkj
vè;;u osQ le; vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa dk vuqeku djus osQ fy,] fun'kZuksa dk lgh pquko djus osQ fy,] lwpuk
osQ Ïksr dh [kkst djus osQ fy,] laHkkfor fodYiksa (alternative) dk Kku djus osQ fy,] fo"k; dh izeq[k
fo'ks"krkvksa dk vuqeku djus osQ fy, rFkk vè;;u dh vofèk rFkk O;; dk vuqeku djus osQ fy, 'kksèk&fo"k;

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