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Company Law




                    Notes
                                          Clarification of  food-related roles  and  responsibilities  of federal  government
                                          departments has led to:
                                          (a)  A more integrated and comprehensive approach (gate-to-plate) to trichinosis
                                               in swine,  tuberculosis in  cattle and  zoonotic diseases  such as  salmonella
                                               enteritidis in poultry.
                                          (b)  Improved capacity to respond to outbreaks of food-borne illness and threats
                                               to the food system presented by medicated feeds and antibiotic residues.
                                          (c)  Separation of health and safety standard setting from inspection, permitting
                                               new flexibilities for inspection.

                                          (d)  Separation of health risk analysis from risk management, thereby fulfilling a
                                               World Health Organization principle
                                          (e)  Reduced criticism  of conflict  of interest because the  same department  was
                                               responsible for promoting and regulating an industry (fisheries).
                                     8.   A more integrated  and comprehensive approach (gate-to-plate) to trichinosis in
                                          swine, tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic diseases such as salmonella enteritidis in
                                          poultry.
                                     9.   Improved capacity to respond to outbreaks of food-borne illness and threats to the
                                          food system presented by medicated feeds and antibiotic residues.
                                     10.  Separation of health and safety standard setting from inspection, permitting new
                                          flexibilities for inspection.
                                     11.  Separation of health risk analysis from risk management, thereby fulfilling a World
                                          Health Organization principle

                                     12.  Reduced criticism of conflict of interest because the same department was responsible
                                          for promoting and regulating an industry (fisheries).
                                     Question

                                     Analyse the kind of agency it is. (Hint: Summarize this case)

                                   9.9 Summary

                                       The right of the shareholder to transfer the shares are subject to the articles of association
                                       (For this purpose s.82 classifies shares as movable property, transferable in the manner
                                       provided in the articles).
                                       Section 83 requires that each share in a company having a share capital must be distinguished
                                       by its distinctive number.
                                       A common  man uses ‘share’ and ‘share certificate’  to mean the same.  It is,  therefore,
                                       important to note the exact differences between the two.
                                       The share capital of a company is divided into a number of indivisible units of specified
                                       amount.

                                       If a preference share carries the right for payment of arrears of dividend from future
                                       profits, then such a share is known as cumulative preference share.
                                       The Companies (Amendment) Act, 1999, allowed issue of sweat equity shares subject to
                                       fulfillment of certain conditions.





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