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Unit 11: Use of Capitals and Basic Punctuations




          single or Double inverted comma Dilemma                                               notes

          There’s no hard and fast rule about which one to use but it is advisable that you stick to one type
          all over a piece of writing.
          If you find that you need to enclose quoted material within direct speech or another quotation,
          use the style you haven’t used already. So, if you’ve been using single inverted commas, put any
          further quoted material within double ones and vice versa.

                 Example: Kiran still sounds startled when she says: ‘We didn’t get the job because “we
          represented too small a minority of the population”. They could still get away with saying things
          like that then.’

          Single inverted commas are generally more common in British English while double inverted
          commas are used more in American English.




              Task   Punctuate
             1.   Martin Luther King said I have a dream
             2.   What on earth are you going to do she asked

             3.   Have you seen the good the bad and the ugly
             4.   Music Hall songs like my old man said follow the van were very popular in their
                  day

          11.2.7  apostrophe (‘)

          Use the apostrophe to show possession in the following instances:
          1.   Possessive singular nouns


                 Example: Manager’s salary
             man’s character (add ‘‘s’’ to noun)
          2.   Possessive plural of nouns


                 Example: Managers’ salaries (add only the apostrophe if plural form of the noun ends in
          “s”) e.g. men’s salaries (add “‘s” if the plural does not end in “s”)
          3.   Possessive  of  the  pronouns  “one,’’  “someone”,  “somebody”,  “everyone”,  “everybody”,
               “anyone”, “anybody”, “none”, “nobody”

                 Example: Anyone’s (add ‘‘‘s’’ to pronoun)

          Do not use the apostrophe for

          The pronouns “his”, “hers”, “its”, “ours”, “yours”, “theirs”, “whose”, (because they are already
          possessive)

                 Example: WRONG  The company announced it’s new brand. (“It’s” means “it is”)

             RIGHT: The company announced its new brand.



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