Page 56 - DMTH201_Basic Mathematics-1

Richa Nandra, Lovely Professional University Unit 3: Matrix

Unit 3: Matrix Notes

CONTENTS
Objectives
Introduction
3.1 Matrix
3.2 Equality of Matrices

3.3 Types of Matrices
3.4 Operation of Matrices
3.5 Transpose of a Matrix
3.6 Summary
3.7 Keywords
3.8 Self Assessment
3.9 Review Questions

3.10 Further Readings
Objectives

After studying this unit, you will be able to:
Explain the meaning of matrix.
Discuss different types of matrices.
Describe the matrix operation such as addition, subtraction and multiplication.

Understand the transpose of matrix.
Explain the symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.

Introduction

In earlier units you have studied about the trigonometric functions of sum and difference of two
angles and inverse trigonometric functions.
A matrix was first introduced to solve systems of linear equations. In 1750, G. Cramer gave a
rule called Cramer’s rule to solve the simultaneous equations. Sir Arthur Cayley introduced the
theory of matrices. If all the equations of a system or model are linear, then matrix algebra
provides an efficient method of their solution than the traditional method of elimination of
variables. Just like ordinary algebra, matrix algebra has operations like addition and subtraction.
In this unit you will generalize matrix algebra and different types of matrices.

3.1 Matrix

A matrix is an array of numbers arranged in certain number of rows and columns. If there are
m × n numbers (i = 1 to m and j = 1 to n), we can write a matrix with m rows and n columns as

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 49