Page 261 - DCAP312_WEB_TECHNOLOGIES_II

Unit 13: Adding E-Commerce Essentials

DTD Validation Tools: Notes
• XSDValid – contains dtdvalid DTD validation tool
The XSD 1.0 specification was originally published in 2001, with a second
edition following in 2004 to correct large numbers of errors. XSD 1.1 became
a W3C Recommendation in April 2012.
When specified, the generate XML command writes the resulting XML data
to a file otherwise any existing file will be overwritten without warning.

Write an XML program to validating DTD.

13.2 Freight Calculations

A charge paid for wagon or transport of goods by air, land, or sea. Goods may be on cloud nine
on freight-prepaid or freight-collect basis:

1. If the freight is paid by the consignor (as under C&F and CIF terms) the goods remain
the consignor's property until their delivery is taken by the consignee upon their arrival
at the destination, and payment of the consignor's invoice.
2. If freight is paid by the consignee (as under FOB terms) the goods become the consignee's
property when handed over to the carrier against a bill of lading. It may be charged on
the weight or volume of the shipment (depending upon its nature or density) and also
varies according to the mode of shipment, such as bulk, break bulk, and containerized. It
is also called freightage.

A freight forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent is a person or company that organizes
shipments for individuals or corporations to get large orders from the manufacturer or producer
to market or final point of distribution. Forwarders will contract with a carrier to facilitate the
movement of goods. A forwarder is not typically a carrier, but is an expert in supply chain
management. In other words, a freight forwarder is a “travel agent, “ for the cargo industry, or
a third-party (non-asset-based) logistics provider. A forwarder will contract with asset-based
carriers to move cargo ranging from raw agricultural products to manufactured goods. Freight
can be booked on a variety of carrier types, including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads. It
is not unusual for a shipment to move along its route on multiple carrier types.

International freight forwarders typically arrange cargo movement to an international destination.
International freight forwarders, have the expertise that allows them to prepare and process the
documentation and perform related activities pertaining to international shipments. Some of the
typical information reviewed by a freight forwarder is the commercial invoice, shipper's export
declaration, bill of lading, and other documents required by the carrier or country of export,
import, or transshipment. Much of this information is now processed in a paperless environment.
13.2.1 Air Freight Calculation
Airlines that are members of the worldwide Air Transport Association (IATA) are bound by
their relationship to comply with tariff issued by IATA. Though since 11th September 2002,
airfreight rates are now tremendously negotiable. Airfreight rates cover transportation from
the airport of loading to the airport of discharge.

These rates do not include the following:
• Collection of air cargo from the consignor's/exporters premises

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