Page 148 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence

Notes Imperfect or Irregular Input

Foreign or regional accents and vocal impediments in speech; typing or grammatical errors,
OCR errors in texts.

Speech Acts and Plans

A sentence can often be considered an action by the speaker. The sentence structure alone may
not contain enough information to define this action. For instance, a question is actually the
speaker requesting some sort of response from the listener. The desired response may be verbal,
physical, or some combination.

Example: “Can you pass the class?” is a request for a simple yes-or-no answer, while
“Can you pass the salt?” is requesting a physical action to be performed. It is not appropriate to
respond with “Yes, I can pass the salt,” without the accompanying action (although “No” or “I
can’t reach the salt” would explain a lack of action).

Task What are the disadvantages and problems of NLP? Discuss briefly.
Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
1. .............................. is a field of computer science concerned with the interactions between
computers and human (natural) languages.

2. “..............................” language means, among other things, knowing what concepts a word
or phrase stands for and knowing how to link those concepts together in a meaningful
way.
3. Specific problem components of .............................. ambiguity include sentence boundary
disambiguation.

4. A .............................. can often be considered an action by the speaker.
5. The goal of the Natural Language Processing (NLP) group is to design and build
.............................. that will analyze, understand, and generate languages that humans use
naturally.

11.2 Steps in Natural Language Processing

The steps in Natural Language Processing are as follows:
1. Morphological Analysis: Individual worlds are scrutinized into their components and
non word tokens, like punctuation are alienated from the words.
2. Syntactic Analysis: Linear sequences of words are malformed into structures that illustrate
how the words associate to each other. Some word sequences may be discarded if they
disobey the languages rules for how words may be united.

3. Semantic Analysis: The structures generated by the syntactic analyzer are allocated
meanings.

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