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Artificial Intelligence                                       Parminder Kaur, Lovely Professional University




                    Notes                                    Unit 12: Learning


                                     CONTENTS
                                     Objectives

                                     Introduction
                                     12.1  Meaning of Learning

                                     12.2  Rote Learning
                                     12.3  Learning by Taking Advice
                                     12.4  Learning from Examples

                                           12.4.1 Induction
                                     12.5  Explanation-based Learning
                                     12.6  Learning by Parameter Adjustment

                                     12.7  Learning with Macro-operators
                                     12.8  Learning by Chunking
                                     12.9  Discovery-based Learning

                                     12.10 Learning by Correcting Mistakes
                                     12.11 Learning by Recording Cases

                                     12.12 Learning by Managing Multiple Models
                                     12.13 Summary
                                     12.14 Keywords

                                     12.15 Review Questions
                                     12.16 Further Readings

                                  Objectives

                                  After studying this unit, you will be able to:

                                      Understand the meaning of learning
                                      Illustrate the rote learning
                                      Discuss the learning from examples
                                      Understand the explanation based learning, etc.

                                  Introduction


                                  Learning is defined as modifications in the system that  are adaptive  in the sense that they
                                  facilitate the system to do the similar task or  tasks taken  from the similar population more
                                  competently and more successfully the next time.






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