Page 167 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Unit 12: Learning

Notes
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Caution The system must guarantee that the new knowledge is differing with the offered
knowledge.

Example: FOO (First Operational Operationaliser) is a learning system which is accessed
to learn the game of Hearts. It transforms the advice which is in the form of principles, problems,
and methods into efficient executable (LISP) procedures (or knowledge). Now this knowledge is
prepared to apply.

Self Assessment

Fill in the blank:
5. The knowledge must be transformed into an ......................... form before stored in the
knowledge base.

12.4 Learning from Examples

As humans, we can learn by being informed. For intelligent agents, we are interested in learning
by example, or else, we are back to programming yet again.

12.4.1 Induction

Classification is the procedure of allocating, to a specific input, the name of a class to which it
associates. The classes from which the classification process can select can be illustrated in a
variety of manners. Their definition will rely on the use to which they are put. Classification is
an imperative component of many problem solving duties. Before classification can be achieved,
the classes it will utilize must be defined:
 Separate a set of traits that are pertinent to the task domain. Define every class by a
weighted sum of values of these traits.

Example: Task is weather prediction, the parameters can be measurements such as rainfall,
location of cold fronts etc.
 Separate a set of traits that are pertinent to the task domain. Define every class as a
structure composed of these traits. Ex: classifying animals, diverse traits can be such things
as color, length of neck etc.

Did u know? The thought of generating a classification program that can develop its own
class definitions is known as concept learning or induction.

Winston’s Learning Program

 It is an early structural concept learning program.
 This program functions in a simple blocks world domain.
 Its objective was to build representations of the definitions of concepts in blocks
domain.

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