Page 196 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence

Notes  Forward chaining starts with the data available and uses the inference rules to conclude
more data until a desired goal is reached.

 Backward chaining starts with a list of goals and works backwards to see if there is data
which will allow it to conclude any of these goals.
 The user interacts with the system through a user interface which may use menus, natural
language or any other style of interaction).
 The end-user usually sees an expert system through an interactive dialog.
 The general architecture of an expert system involves two principal components: a problem
dependent set of data declarations called the knowledge base or rule base, and a problem
independent (although highly data structure dependent) program which is called the
inference engine.
 An inference rule is a statement that has two parts, an if-clause and a then-clause.
 The function of the procedure node interface is to receive information from the procedures
coordinator and create the appropriate procedure call.
 The function of the user interface is to present questions and information to the user and
supply the user’s responses to the inference engine.

 A shell is a complete development environment for building and maintaining knowledge-
based applications.

13.11 Keywords

Backward Chaining: Backward Chaining starts with a list of goals and works backwards to see
if there is data which will allow it to conclude any of these goals.
End User: The end-user usually sees an expert system through an interactive dialog.

Expert System: An expert system is software that attempts to reproduce the performance of one
or more human experts, most commonly in a specific problem domain, and is a traditional
application and/or subfield of artificial intelligence.

Forward Chaining: Forward chaining starts with the data available and uses the inference rules
to conclude more data until a desired goal is reached.
Inference Rule: An inference rule is a statement that has two parts, an if-clause and a then-clause.

Shell: A shell is a complete development environment for building and maintaining knowledge-
based applications.
User Interface: The user interacts with the system through a user interface which may use menus,
natural language or any other style of interaction.

13.12 Review Questions

1. What is Expert System? Illustrate the main components of expert system.
2. Explain the concept of chaining in expert system.

3. What is the important module of ES?
4. Make distinction between Procedure Node Interface and User Interface.
5. Make distinction between expert systems and problem solving system.

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