Page 76 - DCAP506_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence

Notes 5. A ........................... is an artificial intelligence data structure used to divide knowledge into
substructures by representing “stereotyped situations.”
6. The frame contains ........................... on how to use the frame, what to expect next, and what
to do when these expectations are not met.
7. ........................... rules, which are arguably the most common form of knowledge
representation in Artificial Intelligence, are ambiguous.
8. A ........................... network is a network which represents semantic relations between the
concepts. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation.

5.3 Predicate Logic to Represent Knowledge

Here we will emphasize main ethics enclosed in knowledge representation. Particularly predicate
logic will be met in other knowledge representation systems and analysis ways.
The following standard logic symbols are used generally:

For all 
There exists 
Implies 

Not 
Or 
And 
Now we provide an example of how predicate logic is accessed to represent knowledge. There
are other methods but this form is well-liked.

Example: Consider the following:
 Sachin is a mega star.
 Mega stars are rich.

 Rich people have speedy cars.
 Fast cars take a lot of petrol.
and strive to sketch the conclusion: Sachin’s car takes a lot of petrol.

Thus we can convert Sachin is a mega star into: mega_star(sachin) and Mega stars are rich into:  m:
mega_star(m)  rich(m)
Rich people contain fast cars, the third axiom is more complicated:

 Is cars a relation and so car(c,m) says that case c is m’s car. OR
 Is cars a function? Thus we may have car_of(m).
Consider that cars is a relation then axiom 3 may be written:  c,m: car(c,m) rich(m) fast(c).
The fourth axiom is a common statement regarding fast cars. Suppose consume(c) signify that car
c takes a lot of petrol. So we may write:  c: [ fast(c) m:car(c,m)  consume(c) .

Is this enough? no! — Does sachin have a car? We want the car_of function after all (and addition
to car):  c:car(car_of(m),m). The effect of applying car_ofto m is m’s car. The concluding set of

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