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Unit 6: Knowledge Representation using Rules

(iii) Stereotypes: Used to depict traits of people. Notes
(iv) Rule models: Used to illustrate general features shared between a set of rules in a production
system.

Frames and scripts are used very broadly in various AI programs. Before choosing any
particular knowledge representation structure, the following concerns have to be
considered.
(i) The basis properties of objects, if any, which are general to each problem domain
must be identified and managed suitably.

(ii) The whole knowledge should be signified as a good set of primitives.
(iii) Mechanisms must be developed to access appropriate parts in a huge knowledge
base.

Task Illustrate the use of frames and scripts.

Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
1. In ........................................... representation, knowledge is signified as static collection of
details which are influenced by common procedures.
2. Details can be easily added to ........................................... systems without altering the common
procedures.
3. In Procedural representation, knowledge is signified as ........................................... .
4. Most of the knowledge representation structures have been generated to manage programs
that control ........................................... .
5. ........................................... are used to illustrate general sequence of events.
6. ........................................... models are used to illustrate general features shared between a
set of rules in a production system.

6.2 Logic Programming

Logic programming contain three major classes of application: as a general-purpose programming
language, a database language, and a knowledge representation language in AI. As a
programming language, it can signify and calculate any assessable function. As a database
language, it simplifies relational databases, to comprise general clauses as well as facts. And as
a knowledge representation language it is a non-monotonic logic, which can be utilized for
default reasoning. Its most renowned execution is the programming language Prolog, which
mingles pure logic programming with a number of contaminated traits.
Besides the utilization of logic programming as a normative model of problem solving
(Kowalski, 1974/79), Stenning and van Lambalgen (2004, 2005, 2008) have examined its use as a
descriptive model of human reasoning.
Logic programs (also known as normal logic programs) are sets of conditionals of the form:

If B1 and … and Bn then H

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