Page 18 - DMGT306_MERCANTILE_LAWS_II

Unit 1: The Factories Act, 1948

(x) Spittoons Notes

Section 20 (1) lays down that in every factory there shall be provided a sufficient number of
spittoons in convenient places. They shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic condition.

1.4.2 For Safety

Following are the factors that should be taken into consideration for maintaining safety measures
of employees:

(i) Fencing of Machinery

Section 21 (1) requires that in every factory, the following must be securely fenced by safe
guards of substantial construction while the machinery is in motion or use:

(a) every moving part of a prime mover and fly wheel connected to prime mover, whether
the prime mover or flywheel is in the engine house or not;
(b) the headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and water turbine;

(c) any part of stock-bar which projects beyond the head stock of a lathe; and
(d) unless they are in such position or of such construction as to be safe to every person
employed in the factory as they would be if they were securely fenced, the following,
namely,
 every part of electric generator, a motor or rotary converter;

 every part of transmission machinery; and
 every dangerous part of any other machinery;
shall be securely fenced by safeguards of substantial construction which shall be consistently
maintained and kept in position while the parts of machinery they are fencing are in motion or
in use.

(ii) Work on or Near Machinery in Motion

Section 22 (1) requires that, where in the factory it is essential to examine any part of the
machinery (referred to in Section 21) while it is in motion or as a result of such examination, it
is necessary to carry out:
 lubrication or other adjusting operation; or
 any mounting or shipping of belts or lubrication or other adjusting operation.
Such examination or operation shall be made or carried out only by a specially trained Adult
male worker wearing tight-fitting clothing (which shall be supplied by the occupier) which
name has been recorded in the register prescribed in this behalf and who has been furnished
with a certificate of his appointment, and while he is so engaged:
(a) such worker shall not handle a belt at a moving pulley unless:

 the belt is not more than fifteen centimeters in width;
 the pulley is normally for the purpose of drive and not merely a flywheel or balance
wheel (in which case a belt is not permissible);

 the belt joint is either laced or flush with the belt;

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