Page 11 - DMGT402_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES_AND_ORGANIZATIONAL_BEHAVIOUR
P. 11

Management Practices and Organisational Behaviour




                      Notes         The above definition contains three important characteristics of art. They are:

                                    1.   Art is the application of science. It is putting principle into practice.
                                    2.   After knowing a particular art, practice is needed to reach the level of perfection.
                                    3.   It is undertaken for accomplishing an end through deliberate efforts.
                                    Judging from the above characteristics of art, it may be observed that:
                                    1.   Management while performing the activities of getting things done by others is required
                                         to apply the knowledge of certain underlying principles which are necessary for every art.
                                    2.   Management gets perfection in the art of managing only through continuous practice.
                                    3.   Management implies capacity to apply accurately the knowledge to solve the problems,
                                         to face the situation and to realise the objectives fully and timely.
                                    The above observation makes management an art and that to a fine art.

                                    Management is both a Science as well as an Art

                                    Management is both a science as well as an art. The science of management provides certain
                                    general  principles which  can  guide  the  managers  in  their  professional  effort.  The art  of
                                    management consists  in tackling every situation in an effective manner.  As a matter of fact,
                                    neither science should be over-emphasised nor should be the art discounted; the science and the
                                    art of management go together and are both mutually interdependent and complimentary.
                                    Management is thus a science as well as an art. It can be said that-”the art of management is as old
                                    as human history, but the science of management is an event of the recent past.”
                                    1.3 Scope of Management


                                    The scope of management is too wide to be covered in a few pages. Herbison and Myres have yet
                                    tried to restrict it under three broad groups, viz.

                                    1.   Economic Resource
                                    2.   System of Authority
                                    3.   Class or Elite
                                    Let us understand each of them one by one.
                                    1.   Economic Resource: Business Economics classifies the factors of production into four basic
                                         inputs, viz. land, labour,  capital and entrepreneur. By  the use  of all these four, basic
                                         production can be done. But to turn that into a profitable venture, an effective utilization
                                         of man, money, material, machinery and methods of production has to be ensured. This is
                                         guaranteed by application of management fundamentals and practices. The better is the
                                         management of  an enterprise, the  higher  is its  growth rate  in terms  of profit,  sales,
                                         production and distribution. Thus management itself serves as an economic resource.
                                    2.   System of Authority: As  already discussed, management is  a system  of authority.  It
                                         formalises a standard set of rules and procedure to be followed by the subordinates and
                                         ensures their compliance with the rules and regulations. Since management is a process of
                                         directing men to perform a task, authority to extract the work from others is implied in
                                         the very concept of management.
                                    3.   Class or Elite: Management is considered to be a distinct class that has  its own value
                                         system. Managerial class, often referred to as a collective group of those individuals that




            6                                LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
   6   7   8   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16