Page 175 - DMGT402_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES_AND_ORGANIZATIONAL_BEHAVIOUR

Management Practices and Organisational Behaviour

Notes nature of a continuum than discrete, separate types. Carl Jung proposed his own two-part
theory of personality. These two types are:
(a) Extrovert: They are optimistic, outgoing, gregarious and sociable. Extroverts are
basically objective, reality-oriented individuals who are more doers than thinkers.
(b) Introverts: By contrast, introverts are more inward-directed people. They are less
sociable, withdrawn and absorbed in inner life. They tend to be guided by their own
ideas and philosophy.
Few people are complete introverts or extroverts, but the mixture of these two ingredients
determines the kind of overall personality of an individual.
At the base of Jung's theory, lies the explanation that the personality has four dimensions:
(a) Thinking: It includes logical reasoning (rational, analytic)
(b) Feeling: It refers to the interpretation of a thing or event on a subjective scale
(emotional, effect)
(c) Sensation: It deals with perception of things in a general sense (factual and concrete)
(d) Intuition: It is based on unconscious inner perception of the potentialities of events
or things (associative or gestalt)
Carl Jung's functions can be thought of as sitting at the ends of orthogonal axes as depicted in the
following Figure 8.6.
Figure 8.6: Carl Jung's Extrovert-introvert Theory

Thinking

I II

Sensation Intuition

III IV

Feeling
Source: Carl Jung "Analytical Psychology" in Psychology of Personality: Readings in Theory (ed.), William
S Sahakian, Chicago, Rand McNally 1965.
Type I: Person is a sensation – thinking individual, is basically analytic, oriented toward the
present. He/she is primarily interested in facts, and extremely practical in outlook
and approach.

Type II: Persons are intuition – thinking. He/she is rational, analytic, takes a broad view, and
is sociable.
Type III: Person is sensation – feeling. He/she is factual, wishes to grasp tangible things, but is
emotional and
Type IV: Persons are intuition – feeling. He/she is emotional, sociable, takes a broad view, and
is more prone than others to hypothesizing.

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