Page 239 - DMGT402_MANAGEMENT_PRACTICES_AND_ORGANIZATIONAL_BEHAVIOUR

Management Practices and Organisational Behaviour

Notes to job satisfaction, and hygiene factors relate to job dissatisfaction. These two independent
factors are depicted in Figure 11.3.

Figure 11.3: Hygiene and Motivating Factors

Hygiene: Motivators
Job dissatisfaction Job satisfaction

Achievement

Recognition of achievement

Work itself

Responsibility

Advancement

Growth

Company policy and administration

Supervision

Interpersonal relations

Working Conditions

Salary*

Status

Security

*Because of its ubiquitous nature, salary commonly showed up as a motivator as well as hygiene.
Although primarily a hygiene factor, it also often takes on some of the properties of a motivator, with
dynamics similar to those of recognition for achievement.
Source: Frederick Herzberg, The Managerial Choice: To Be Efficient is to be Human – Salt Lake City: Olympus,
1982.

Motivation Factors

According to Herzberg, building motivation factors into a job produces job satisfaction. This
process is known as job enrichment. In the original research, the motivation factors were
identified as responsibility, achievement, recognition, advancement and the work itself. These
factors relate to the content of the job and what the employee actually does on the job. When
these factors are present, they lead to superior performance and effort on the part of job
incumbents. Motivation factors lead to positive mental health and challenge people to grow,
contribute to the work environment, and invest themselves in the organisation. The motivation
factors are the most important of the two sets of factors, because they directly affect a person's
motivational drive to do a good job. When they are absent, the person will be de-motivated to
perform well and achieve excellence.

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