Page 178 - DCAP309_INFORMATION_SECURITY_AND_PRIVACY

Information Security and Privacy

Notes and Armstrong make the argument that consumers have two types of privacy concerns. Firstly,
they are worried over unauthorized access to personal data due to security breaches (see below)
or the lack of internal controls. Secondly, consumers are alarmed regarding the risk of secondary
use – the reclaim of their personal data for unrelated reasons without their consent. This involves
sharing with third parties who were not element of the business in which the consumer connected
his or her personal data. It also involves the aggregation of a consumers’ transaction data and
other individual data to generate a profile. Smith, Milberg, and Burke raise two additional
issues based on Delphi studies, common concerns regarding personal data being collected and
issues over one’s inability to accurate any errors.
Apart from the research literature describing a common anxiety (and its extent), there is some
research literature providing more aspect. A unrelenting finding, over several decades, is that it
is productive to consider US consumers not as a common block but as consisting of 3 groups
privacy fundamentalists, the pragmatic majority, and the marginally concerned. These groupings
have been dependable across studies (e.g., [Ackerman, Cranor, and Reagle 1999], [Spiekermann,
Grossklags, and Berendt 2001]). (Spiekermann et al. separated the pragmatics into those who
were measured with revealing their identity and those who were more concerned regarding
making their individual profiles obtainable.) In Ackerman et al., these groups were 17%, 56%,
and 27% of the sample correspondingly. Spiekermann et al. observed a larger group of isolation
fundamentalists and fewer marginally associated in Germany. The groups vary significantly in
their privacy favorites and attitudes. The marginally concerned group is typically indifferent to
privacy concerns; privacy fundamentalists, alternatively, are quite uncompromising regarding
their privacy. The majority of the US population, though, is concerned regarding its privacy, but
is willing to operate personal data for some advantage (e.g., customer service). However,
consumers still want sufficient measures to guard their information from inappropriate sale,
unintentional leakage or loss, and deliberate attack. In [Ackerman, Cranor, and Reagle 1999],
the issues of pragmatists were frequently significantly reduced by the occurrence of privacy
protection measures such as privacy laws or privacy policies on Web sites Another interesting
finding, also pretty persistent, is that there is a large gap among most people’s declared
preferences and their genuine behavior. While this is frequently the case in social studies, it is of
particular attention here. It is not yet recognized, however, whether this gap is enduring, in that
it is unlikely to modify, or is the indication of people’s aggravation with existing technologies.

Self Assessment

Fill in the blanks:
9. Privacy as a .............................. concern or issue is tremendously sensitive to changes in the
surrounding context.

10. .............................. in people’s expectations or in authoritarian governance can noticeably
alter business issues and potentials.

12.7 Privacy vs Security

Certain perplexity occurs in the industry concerning security and privacy. Some people associate
security for privacy, whereas others consider privacy is something that will only fascinate
“those with something to hide”. Security is a essential tool to construct privacy, but a
communication or transaction surroundings can be very secure, yet completely unprivate. Privacy
is a fundamental human right and is documented as a requirement by the European Union
(Privacy Directive) and the OECD (Principles of Fair Information Practice). Lastly, privacy is just
good business, and will be necessary for M-Commerce to increase extensive adoption by
consumers about the world.

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