Page 108 - DMGT505_MANAGEMENT_INFORMATION_SYSTEM

Unit 6: Business Networks and Telecommunications

4. The ............................... system has two methods for payment, which is based on card Notes
(hardware type) or not on card (software type).
5. The ............................... process is a preparation process for operating the wireless payment
system on a mobile device.

6.3 Bandwidth

Bandwidth in computer networking refers to the data rate supported by a network connection
or interface. One most commonly expresses bandwidth in terms of bits per second (bps). The
term comes from the field of electrical engineering, where bandwidth represents the total
distance or range between the highest and lowest signals on the communication channel (band).
Bandwidth represents the capacity of the connection. Network bandwidth is not the only factor
that contributes to the perceived speed of a network. A lesser known but other key element of
network performance - latency - also plays an important role.

!
Caution The greater the capacity, the more likely that greater performance will follow,
though overall performance also depends on other factors, such as latency.
6.3.1 Network Bandwidth

Bandwidth is the primary measure of computer network speed. Virtually everyone knows the
bandwidth rating of their modem or their Internet service that is prominently advertised on
network products sold today.
In networking, bandwidth represents the overall capacity of the connection. The greater the
capacity, the more likely that better performance will result. Bandwidth is the amount of data
that passes through a network connection over time as measured in bps.
Bandwidth can refer to both actual and theoretical throughput, and it is important to distinguish
between the two.

Example: A standard dial-up modem supports 56 Kbps of peak bandwidth, but due to
physical limitations of telephone lines and other factors, a dial-up connection cannot support
more than 53 Kbps of bandwidth (about 10% less than maximum) in practice. Likewise a traditional
Ethernet network theoretically supports 100 Mbps of bandwidth, but this maximum amount
cannot reasonably be achieved due to overhead in the computer hardware and operating systems.

6.3.2 Internet Connection Bandwidths

Following Table 6.1 shows the maximum bandwidth (the physical layer net bit rate, often
slightly more than the maximum throughput) of common Internet access technologies.
Table 6.1: Transaction Process

Bandwidth Device
56 KBPS Modem/Dial-up
1.5 MBPS ADSL Lite
1.544 MBPS T1
10 MPBS Wireless 802.11b
44.736 MPBS T3 Contd...
54 MPBS Wireless-G 802.11g
100 MPBS Fast Ethernet
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 103
155 MPBS OC3
300 MPBS Wireless-N 802.11n
622 MPBS OC12
1000 MPBS Gigabit Ethernet
2.5 GBPS OC48
9.6 GBPS OC192
10 GBPS 10 Gigabit Ethernet