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International Marketing

Notes Apart from the above allowance given to developing country and LCD members, the Agreement
took into consideration situations where an established enterprise subject to a TRIM notification
had to meet new competition during the transition period.
Given such a condition, any member, developed or developing, could apply the same TRIM to
the new investment (i) where the products of such investment were like products to those of the
established enterprises and (ii) where necessary to avoid distorting the conditions of competition
between the new investment and the established enterprises. Such a new measure had to be
notified to the CTG with the date of termination being the same for both the old and new
members.

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)

The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade – also known as the TBT Agreement is an
international treaty of the World Trade Organization. It was negotiated during the Uruguay
Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and entered into force with the
establishment of the WTO at the end of 1994.
The object of the TBT Agreement is to “to ensure that technical negotiations and standards, as
well as testing and certification procedures, do not create unnecessary obstacles to trade”.

Caselet Case of African Individual

conomist Andre Nijsen uses the example of Tanzania, in Africa, to show how a
usable set of export policies can be adopted. In the 1990s, this poor, African state
Esought to triple its exports and imitate the success of the East Asian States. The basic
Tanzanian policy was to first identify the country’s strengths. In this case, it was plentiful
natural resources such as minerals usable in the global industry. The government intervenes,
creating the incentive structure important to development. The government would make
it easier in every way to shift production to the export market, even underwriting new
industries. The legal, regulatory and judicial sectors were overhauled, and the infrastructure
of the country was targeted for investment and improvement. While the program was
only a partial success—largely due to public sector failures—the basic pillars of this reform
remain sound.

Source: http://www.ehow.com/info_7779251_export-development.html

2.2 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (typically abbreviated GATT) was originally created
by the Breton Woods Conference as part of a larger plan for economic recovery after World War
II. The GATT’s main purpose was to reduce barriers to international trade. This was achieved
through the reduction of tariff barriers, quantitative restrictions and subsidies on trade through
a series of different agreements. The GATT was an agreement, not an organization. Originally,
the GATT was supposed to become a full international organization like the World Bank or IMF
called the International Trade Organization. However, the agreement was not ratified, so the
GATT remained simply an agreement. The functions of the GATT have been replaced by the
World Trade Organization which was established through the final round of negotiations in the
early 1990s.

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