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Information and Communication Technology Applications
Input: This is a way to direct or inform the computer. Examples are the keyboard and mouse,
Notes removable disks, as well as external instruments or networks.
Processing: The computer has a processing area that can do work. The CPU, or central processing
unit, can be designed or instructed to perform any number of different tasks.
Output: There is a way the computer can export results. Examples are video monitors, speakers,
removable disks, instruments, or networks.
Most computers also have one or more ways of storing information within.
Memory: One type of memory (RAM: random-access memory) can retain information for the
computer’s own use while processing data; another kind (ROM: read-only memory) can hold
necessary reference information even while the computer is off.
3.1 Characteristics of a Computer
A computer has the following characteristics, which makes it so important for all of us:
1. Fast. A computer is so fast that it can perform the given task (arithmetical or logical) in few
seconds as compared to man who can spend many months for doing the same task. A computer can
process millions of instructions per second.
2. Accurate. While doing calculations, a computer is more accurate than a man. Man can make
mistakes in calculations but a computer does not, if it is provided with accurate instructions.
3. High Memory. A computer has much more memory or storage capacity than human beings. It
can store millions of data and instructions, which can be retrieved and recalled even after a number
of years. This is not possible in case of human brain.
4. Diligence. A computer does not suffer from the human traits of tiredness and boredom. Man will
be tired and bored while doing millions of calculations but computer, being a machine, does this
job very efficiently and without any tiredness and boredom.
3.2 Features-Computers in Libraries 2001
Information Today’s 16th Annual Computers in Libraries conference discussed the current uses of
technology in libraries and upcoming innovations. The conference succeeded in bringing together
speakers from the information industry and the library world. Together they represented both sides
of many library-related controversies such as the future of copyright and database protection.
3.3 Useful Tools: Gadgets in Libraries
3.3.1 E-Books
Another theme of the program was how to effectively harness the power of high-tech gadgets. The
programs discussed e-books and handheld PDAs in detail. Susan Gibbons of the University of
Rochester reported on her study of e-books. She asked library patrons to read a book with an e-book
reader. To her surprise she discovered that patrons quickly embraced the books; 67% finished one
or more books. None of them complained about eyestrain. 35% preferred e-books over print, and
another 23% had no preference between print and e-books. Participants enjoyed the ability to increase
the font of the book. They also liked being able to read in the dark with the backlighting. Those who
traveled found the e-book easier to carry than most paper books. Other advantages of e-books are
the ability to hyperlink to a dictionary and to create bookmarks.
20 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
