Page 13 - DLIS401_METHODOLOGY_OF_RESEARCH_AND_STATISTICAL_TECHNIQUES

Methodology of Research and Statistical Techniques

Notes their own, and each others’ theories, by using this antagonism to find an answer and
advance knowledge.
The purpose of research is really an ongoing process of correcting and refining hypotheses,
which should lead to the acceptance of certain scientific truths. Whilst no scientific proof can
be accepted as ultimate fact, rigorous testing ensures that proofs can become presumptions.
Certain basic presumptions are made before embarking on any research project, and build
upon this gradual accumulation of knowledge.

1.4 Identification of Research Problems

Research forms a cycle. It starts with a problem and ends with a solution to the problem. The
problem statement is therefore the axis which the whole research revolves around, beacause
it explains in short the aim of the research.

What is a Research Problem?
A research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive, confused
and ill at ease. It is the demarcation of a problem area within a certain context involving the
WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of the problem situation.
There are many problem situations that may give rise to research. Three sources usually
contribute to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a
source of problem supply. A second source could be scientific literature. You may read about
certain findings and notice that a certain field was not covered. This could lead to a research
problem. Theories could be a third source. Shortcomings in theories could be researched.
Research can thus be aimed at clarifying or substantiating an existing theory, at clarifying
contradictory findings, at correcting a faulty methodology, at correcting the inadequate or
unsuitable use of statistical techniques, at reconciling conflicting opinions, or at solving existing
practical problems.

Identification of the Problem

The prospective researcher should think on what caused the need to do the research (problem
identification). The question that he/she should ask is: Are there questions about this problem
to which answers have not been found up to the present?
Research originates from a need that arises. A clear distinction between the Problem and the
Purpose should be made. The problem is the aspect the researcher worries about, think about,
wants to find a solution for. The purpose is to solve the problem, i.e., find answers to the
question(s). If there is no clear problem formulation, the purpose and methods are meaningless.
Keep the following in mind :
• Outline the general context of the problem area.
• Highlight key theories, concepts and ideas current in this area.

• What appear to be some of the underlying assumptions of this area?
• Why are these issues identified important?

• What needs to be solved?
• Read round the area (subject) to get to know the background and to identify unanswered
questions or controversies, and/or to identify the the most significant issues for further
exploration.

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