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Unit 4: Area of Planning

• Observational techniques such as ethnographic (on-site) observation Notes

• Marketing managers may also design and oversee various environmental scanning and
competitive intelligence processes to help identify trends and inform the company’s
marketing analysis.

Using SWOT to analyse the market position of a small management consultancy with specialism
in HRM.

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
Reputation in Shortage of cons- Well established Large consultanc-
marketplace ultants at operat- position with a ies operating at a
ing level rather well defined minor level
than partner level market niche
Expertise at part- Unable to deal Identified market Other small cons-
ner level in HRM with multidiscipli- for consultancy in ultancies looking
consultancy nary assignments areas other than to invade the
because of size or HRM marketplace
lack of ability

Self Assessment

State whether true or false:
1. ADP stands for Area Development Planning.
2. SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats.
3. The SWOT item that generates no strategies is most important.
4. Usefulness of SWOT analysis is limited to profit-seeking organization.

4.2 Systems Approach

Change is the order of the world. It is the change, particularly developmental changes that
have been key drivers in societal transformation at large. The present stage of the society is
that of information based knowledge society. Libraries are in existence ever since the recorded
knowledge has started to be preserved for future. The traditional concept of library is being
redefined from a place to access paper records or books to one that also houses the most
advanced media. Libraries are changing in response to changes in the learning and research
environment and also changes in the expectations of library users. These changes are evolutionary.
Consequently, Library and Information Professionals (LIPs) are increasingly combining traditional
duties with tasks involving changing technology. Traditional library performance measures
fail to explain fully what is happening in libraries today because their scope is too narrow to
encompass the field of change.

Nature of Change in Information Services
The nature of change in information services characterized by the factors like diversity and
unpredictability of the services and staffing of libraries, which are cross-border specialized,

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