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Quantitative Techniques – I                                       Neha Tikoo, Lovely Professional University




                    Notes                             Unit 4: Presentation of Data


                                     CONTENTS
                                     Objectives
                                     Introduction

                                     4.1  Diagrammatic  Presentation
                                          4.1.1  Advantages
                                          4.1.2  Limitations

                                          4.1.3  General Rules for Making Diagrams
                                          4.1.4  Choice of a Suitable Diagram
                                     4.2  Bar Diagrams
                                     4.3  Circular or Pie Diagrams
                                     4.4  Pictogram and Cartogram (Map Diagram)

                                     4.5  Summary
                                     4.6  Keywords
                                     4.7  Review Questions

                                     4.8  Further Readings
                                   Objectives


                                   After studying this unit, you will be able to:
                                       Discuss utility and advantages of diagrammatic presentation
                                       Write the limitations of diagrammatic presentation
                                       State the relevance of General Rules for making diagrams

                                       Explain the concept of bar diagrams and focus on its types
                                       Tell about pie diagrams, pictograms and cartograms

                                   Introduction

                                   An important function of statistics is the presentation of complex mass of data in a simple way
                                   so that it becomes easier to understand. Classification and tabulation are the techniques that
                                   help in presenting the  data in  an intelligible  form. But with increase  in volume  of data,  it
                                   becomes more and more inconvenient to understand even after its classification and tabulation.

                                   4.1 Diagrammatic Presentation

                                   To understand various trends of the data at a glance and to facilitate the comparison of various
                                   situations, the data are presented in the form of diagrams and graphs.








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