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bdkbZ—4: izHkqlÙkk
gSA dksbZ O;fDr izHkqlÙkk/kjh dh LFkkiuk dk fojks/ ugha dj ldrkA ;fn vf/drj yksxksa us ,d O;fDr dh uksV
izHkqlÙkk dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gks rks vYier dks Hkh mldh vkKkvksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A izHkqlÙkk/kjh dh
xfrfof/;ksa ij fdlh Hkh rjg dh maxyh ugha mBkbZ tk ldrhA jkT; }kjk 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk osQ fy, fd, tkus
okys dk;ks± dk fu.kkZ;d osQoy izHkqlÙkk/kjh gSA iztk dks nh tkus okyh f'k{kk vkSj fopkjksa dk Hkh ogh fu.kkZ;d
gS D;ksafd 'kkafr vkSj lqj{kk tuer dks fu;af=kr djosQ gh LFkkfir dh tk ldrh gSA blh rjg e;kZnk osQ fu;eksa
rFkk lekt esa vPNkbZ&cqjkbZ oS/rk] voS/rk vkfn ls lacaf/r ukxfjd O+kQkuwuksa dh iwjh 'kfDr Hkh mlh osQ ikl
gSA lHkh izdkj osQ ukxfjd rFkk izkÑfrd O+kQkuwuksa dk vafre fu.kkZ;d osQoy izHkqlÙkk/kjh gSA nwljs ns'kkas osQ lkFk
;q¼ vkSj 'kkafr dh ?kks"k.kk djus dk vf/dkj rFkk lsukvksa dh Hkjrh] HkÙks rFkk ;q¼ osQ fy, dj yxkus dk
vf/dkj Hkh izHkqlÙkk/kjh osQ ikl gSA blh rjg iz'kklu osQ vf/dkjh rFkk ea=kh pquus dk vf/dkj rFkk iztk dks
U;k; vFkok ltk nsus dk vf/dkj Hkh izHkqlÙkk/kjh dks gh gSA
gkWCl osQ vuqlkj] mi;qDr vf/dkj izHkqlÙkk osQ lkj gSa vkSj ;s vf/dkj vfoHkkT; vkSj vns; gSa D;ksafd budk
foHkktu jkT; dk foHkktu gksxkA la{ksi esa] izHkqlÙkk izR;sd jkT; osQ fy, vfuok;Z gSA ;g vfoHkkT; vkSj
vlhe gSA izHkqlÙkk osQ vHkko esa 'kkafr vkSj vPNh ljdkj vlaHko gSA ppZ Hkh izHkqlÙkk/kjh osQ v/hu
gSA izHkqlÙkk] fujaoqQ'k] loZ'kfDreku] LFkk;h vkSj vgLrkarj.kh; gSA lhfer izHkqlÙkk vius&vkiesa ,d
fojks/kHkkl gSA
gkWCl osQ ckn le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ vuq:i izHkqlÙkk dh iquO;kZ[;k rc rd gksrh jgh tc rd fd cSaFke
us bls Li"V ugha fd;kA
uksV~l cSaFke us izHkqlÙkk dks O+kQkuwu cukus dh loksZPp 'kfDr osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;kA cSaFke us bl ckr
ij cy fn;k fd O+kQkuwu dk lzksr ^izkÑfrd O+kQkuwu* u gksdj jkT; dh izHkqlÙkk gSA
4-3 izHkqlÙkk ij vkWfLVu osQ fopkj (Austin’s Theory of Sovereignty)
tkWu vkWfLVu (John Austin) us izHkqlÙkk osQ O+kQkuwuh fl¼kar dh lcls Li"V O;k[;k dhA vkWfLVu ,d fof/osÙkk
Fkk] vr% mlosQ fo'ys"k.k vkSj Li"Vhdj.k esa uSfrdrk vkSj ,sfrgkfld rRoksa dk dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA izHkqlÙkk dh
O;k[;k djrs gq, vkWfLVu viuh iqLrd ^ysDplZ vkWu twfjlizwMsal* (Lectures on Jurisprudence) esa
fy[krk gS%
^;fn dksbZ fuf'pr Js"B O;fDr] tks ,sls gh fdlh Js"B O;fDr dh vkKkikyu djus dk vknh ugha gS] lekt
osQ cgqr cMs+ Hkkx ls viuh vkKk dk ikyu lgt :i ls djk ysrk gS rks og fuf'pr Js"B O;fDr izHkqlÙkk/kjh
gS vkSj og lekt (Js"B O;fDr lesr) jktuhfrd vkSj Lora=k gSA dkuwu izHkqlÙkk/kjh dk vkns'k gS] ,d ,slk
vkns'k tks ,d mPp O;fDr }kjk fuEu O;fDr dks fn;k tkrk gSA lekt osQ lHkh vU; lnL;ksa dh fLFkfr ijk/hurk
vFkok ijkfJrrk dh gSA izR;sd O+kQkuwu dk izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k fuekZrk izHkqlÙkk/kjh gSA*
vkfLVu osQ mi;qZDr dFku dh O;k[;k bl rjg dh tk ldrh gS%
1- izHkqlÙkk osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls lekt esa ,d fuf'pr Js"B O;fDr dk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA vFkkZr~ ^izkÑfrd
O+kQkuwu* ;k ^lkekU; bPNk* tSlh vewrZ /kj.kk,a izHkqlÙkk ugha gks ldrhA izHkqlÙkk/kjh fuf'pr vkSj thrk
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