Page 103 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV osQ fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk djuk Fkk u fd O+kQkuwuh rkuk'kkgh dks iquthZfor djukA vkWfLVu osQ vuqlkj] jhfr&fjokt
vkSj bZ'ojh; O+kQkuwu jkT; }kjk fu£er O+kQkuwu ls u rks Åij gS vkSj u gh Lora=kA ;s lHkh jkT; osQ O+kQkuwu osQ v/hu
gSaA izHkqlÙkk/kjh rkuk'kkgh rjhosQ ls 'kklu djsµvkWfLVu dk ;g fopkj fcYoqQy ugha FkkA vr% loksZPp
fo/kueaMy O+kQkuwuh n`f"Vdks.k ls loZl{ke (omnicompetent) gSA

(5) vkWfLVu osQ fl¼kar dh ,d vU; vkykspuk izHkqlÙkk dh vfoHkkT;rk ls lacaf/r gSA vkWfLVu osQ vuqlkj]
izHkqlÙkk vfoHkkT; gS_ izHkqlÙkk dk foHkktu izHkqlÙkk dh lekfIr gS_ fo[kafMr vkSj foHkkftr izHkqlÙkk vius vki
esa fojks/kHkkl gSA ijarq vk/qfud cgqyokn (Pluralism) ls tqM+s gq, dbZ ys[kdksa us bl fopkj ij vkifÙk tkfgj
dh gSA bu ys[kdksa osQ vuqlkj] izR;sd jktuhfrd lekt esa jkT; }kjk fd, tkus okys dk;ks± dk foHkktu gksrk
gSA ljdkj osQ Lrj ij] oS/kfud izHkqlÙkk/kjh osQ lkFk&lkFk dk;Zdkjh vkSj U;kf;d izHkqlÙkk/kjh gksrs gSaA ;s rhuksa
lÙkk,¡ ,d&nwljs ls dkiQh Lora=k gksrh gSa% fo/kueaMy osQ Hkax gks tkus ij vkSj U;k;ikfydk osQ lnk l=k esa u
jgus dh fLFkfr esa] dk;Zdkfj.kh izHkqlÙkk/kjh gks tkrh gSA vr% izHkqlÙkk foHkkT; gSA blosQ vfrfjDr chloha
'krkCnh esa ykLdh] eSdkbZoj tSls cgqyoknh ys[kdksa us izHkqlÙkk dh vfoHkkT;rk dks bl vk/kj ij Hkh pqukSrh nh
fd lekt vusd leqnk;ksa dk ;ksx gksrk gS] jkT; Hkh lekt osQ vU; leqnk;ksa esa ls ,d gS] vr% ;g fujaoqQ'k
vkSj vfoHkkT; lÙkk dk nkosnkj ugha gks ldrkA jkT; }kjk izHkqlÙkk dk iz;ksx lekt osQ vU; leqnk;ksa osQ lkFk
fey ckaVdj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A la{ksi esa] izHkqlÙkk dk foHkktu gks ldrk gS vkSj gksuk pkfg,A ;g lekt osQ
jktuhfrd] vk£Fkd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd leqnk;ksa esa foosQfUnzr gksuh pkfg,A

VkLd vkWfLVu osQ izHkqlÙkk osQ fl¼kar dh vkykspukRed O;k[;k dhft,A

jktuhfrd izHkqlÙkk (Political Sovereignty)

izHkqlÙkk osQ mi;qZDr O+kQkuwuh n`f"Vdks.k osQ vfrfjDr blosQ oqQN vU; vFkZ Hkh gSA ;gk¡ gekjk laosQr izHkqlÙkk dh
okLrfodrk ls gSA tSlk fd vkWfLVu osQ fl¼kar dh vkykspuk osQ lanHkZ esa Li"V fd;k x;k gS] dbZ ,sfrgkfld
ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkWfLVu dh /kj.kk osQ vuq:i izHkqlÙkk/kjh vuqifLFkr vFkok izHkkoghu gksrs gSaA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡
okLro esa viokn u gksdj jktuhfrd thou esa lkekU; gksrh gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] tSlk fd Mk;lh us dgk gS]
O+kQkuwuh izHkqlÙkk osQ ihNs ,d vU; izHkqlÙkk/kjh gksrk gS ftlosQ vkxs O+kQkuwuh izHkqlÙkk dks Hkh lj >qdkuk iM+rk
gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks le>us osQ fy, ge izHkqlÙkk dh ,d vU; /kj.kk dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA ftls ^jktuhfrd
izHkqlÙkk* dgk tkrk gSA

jktuhfrd izHkqlÙkk dk mn; baXyS.M esa 1688 dh xkSjoiw.kZ ØkfUr (Glorious Revolution) osQ ifj.kkeLo:i
mÙkjnk;h ljdkj dh ,sfrgkfld LFkkiuk osQ lkFk tksM+k tkrk gSA tSlk fd Åij crk;k x;k gS] gkWCl us vius
izHkqlÙkk lacaf/r fl¼kar }kjk fujaoqQ'k vkSj vlhe izHkqlÙkk dk leFkZu fd;kA blosQ foijhr tkWu ykWd us 1688
dh Økafr osQ leFkZd osQ :i esa ^jk"Vª dh izHkqlÙkk* vkSj ^lkafo/kfud ljdkj* dk n`f"Vdks.k izLrqr fd;kA ykWd
okLro esa foHkkftr izHkqlÙkk osQ i{k esa FkkA viuh iqLrd ^Vw VªhVkbfll vkWu xouZesaV* (Two Treatises on
Government) esa ykWd us izHkqlÙkk osQ laca/ esa tks fopkj fn, mlesa mlus rhu loksZPp 'kfDr;ksa dh O;k[;k
dh% (i) ukxfjd lekt dh loksZPp lÙkk tks fdlh Hkh ljdkj dh 'kfDr dk vafre fu.kkZ;d lzksr gS]
(ii) fo/kueaMy dh loksZPp lÙkk D;ksafd ukxfjd lekt vPNs O+kQkuwu vkSj lqj{kk osQ fy, fo/k;dksa dh fu;qfDr
djrs gSa rFkk (iii) fo/ku&eaMy osQ lkFk tqM+h gqbZ dk;Zdkfj.kh dh loksZPp lÙkkA ykWd osQ vuqlkj] loksZPp lÙkk

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