Page 128 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—6: vf/dkj

vkSj O;fDr dks lk/u ekuk] ogk¡ mnkjokn us bl n'kZu osQ fcYoqQy foijhr ckr dgh vkSj ;g ?kks"k.kk dh fd uksV
jkT; vkSj lekt O;fDr osQ fy, gS] vFkkZr~ os O;fDr osQ mís';ksa dks iwjk djus osQ lk/u ek=k gSaA mnkjokn us
ekuoh; O;fDrxr dh ije uSfrd lkFkZdrk (absolute moral worth) rFkk O;fDrxr LorU=krk ij cy fn;kA
bl u;s O;fDrokn oQks lqn`<+ djus osQ fy, mnkjokn us O;fDr dh LorU=krk dks viuk y{; cuk;k vkSj bl
LorU=krk dks tgk¡ ,d vksj jkT; dks euekuh 'kfDr ij vaoqQ'k yxkdj lqjf{kr fd;k] ogk¡ nwljh vksj bls
vf/dkj] lekurk] lEifÙk] U;k;] iztkrU=k tSlh /kj.kkvksa osQ fodkl ls iDdk fd;kA tSls fd geus ukxfjdrk
osQ vH;kl esa ns[kk] vk/qfud iztkrkfU=kd mnkjoknh jkT; osQ mn; osQ lkFk vf/dkj] ukxfjdrk dk Bksl vk/kj
cu x;sA bu vf/dkjksa dk izko/ku] dk;kZUo;u vkSj budh lqj{kk fdlh Hkh jkT; dh vPNkbZ vFkok cqjkbZ dk
ekun.M cu x;sA vkt ge ukxfjdksa osQ vf/dkjksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fL=k;ksa vkSj cPpksa osQ vf/dkjksa rFkk tkrh;
vYila[;dksa osQ vf/dkjksa dh ckr Hkh djrs gSaA lu~ 1948 esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk ^ekuo vf/dkjksa dh
loZO;kid ?kks"k.kk* (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) us ekuo vf/dkjksa dh /kj.kk dks
if'peh ns'kksa esa izpfyr fd;k tks /hjs&/khjs ,f'k;k vkSj vÚhdk osQ ns'kksa esa Hkh iSQy x;h gS vkSj ledkyhu
jktuhfrd ppkZ dk ,d fooknkLin fo"k; cuh gqbZ gSA

6-1 vf/dkj% vFkZ rFkk izÑfr (Rights: Meaning and Nature)

O;kid Lrj ij vf/dkj mu ^voljksa dk lewg* gS tks ekuo O;fDrxr dh lao`¼rk lqjf{kr djrs gSaA ;g vPNs
thou dh os ekSfyd 'krs± gaS ftUgsa jkT; }kjk ekU;rk izkIr gksrh gSA ykLoQh osQ vuqlkj] ^vf/dkj ekuo thou
dh os ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa ftuosQ vHkko esa lkekU;r% O;fDr vius O;fDrRo dk loksZÙke fodkl ugha dj ldrkA*
Vh-,p- xzhu osQ vuqlkj] ^;g O;fDr }kjk vius mís';ksa dh izkfIr osQ dk;Z djus dh og 'kfDr gS tks lkekftd
leqnk; }kjk bl 'krZ ij lqfuf'pr dh tkrh gS fd og bu dk;ksZa ls leqnk; dk Hkyk Hkh djsxkA* lkye.M osQ
vuqlkj] ^O+kQkuwuh vf/dkj ,d ,slk fgr gS tks O+kQkuwu osQ 'kklu }kjk ekU; vkSj lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj
ftldk vknj djuk ,d O+kQkuwuh drZO; gSA* ckslkaosQ osQ vuqlkj] ^vf/dkj O;fDr dk ,d ,slk nkok gS ftls
lekt }kjk ekU;rk nh tkrh gS vkSj jkT; }kjk ykxw fd;k tkrk gSA* ckoZQj osQ vuqlkj] ^O;fDr osQ O;fDrxr vkSj
'kfDr;ksa osQ fodkl esa lgk;rk djuk jkT; dk ije mís'; vkSj loksZPp jktuhfrd ewY; gSA jkT; osQ dkuwu mruh
nsj rd gh Bhd vkSj U;k;laxr gksrs gSa tgk¡ rd ;s yksxksa dks vius O;fDrRo dk fodkl djus osQ fy, cká
ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh lqj{kk dh xkj.Vh nsrs gSaA jkT; }kjk ;s lqfuf'pr dh xbZ vkSj xkj.Vh nh x;h ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gh
vf/dkj gksrh gSA*
mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa osQ vk/kj ij ge vf/dkjksa dh izÑfr osQ ckjs esa oqQN lkekU; fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSaA
izFke] vf/dkj fdlh Hkh lekt dh mfpr vFkok U;k;laxr lkekU; O;oLFkk dk ifj.kke gksrs gSa ftu ij jkT;
vkSj dkuwu vk/kfjr gksrs gSa (Rights are a portion of right)A vr% lekt esa ^mfpr vFkok U;k;iw.kZ* dh
/kj.kk osQ fcuk ge vf/dkjksa dh dYiuk ugha dj ldrsA dkuwuh n`f"Vdks.k ls lqjf{kr vf/dkj rc rd U;k;iw.kZ

ugha gks ldrs tc rd ml dkuwu dk vk/kj mfpr ugha gksxk ftl ij os vk/kfjr gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] vf/dkj
nks Lrjksa ij fn, tkrs gSaµrkRdkfyd rFkk vUrrksxRokA rkRdkfyd vk/kj dk vFkZ gS fd vf/dkj lekt esa
ml ^mfpr dh /kj.kk* (Notice of right) ij vk/kfjr gksrs gSa ftl ij dkuwuh <k¡pk fVdk gksrk gSA vUrrksxRok
dk vfHkizk; gS fd vf/dkj os ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa tks fdlh lekt dh bl ^mfpr dh /kj.kk* ls lEcfU/r y{;ksa
dks iwjk djrh gS] tSls O;fDr osQ O;fDrRo dk vf/dre fodklA vf/dkj O;fDr dh lekt ls os ekaxsa gksrh
gSa ftUgsa O+kQkuwu lqjf{kr djrk gS D;ksafd os O;fDrxr osQ fodkl osQ fy, vko';d gksrh gSA

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