Page 132 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—6: vf/dkj

2- O+kQkuwuh vf/dkjksa dk fl¼kar (Theory of Legal Rights) uksV
mUuhloha 'krkCnh esa izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa dk LFkku O+kQkuwuh vf/dkjksa us ys fy;kA O+kQkuwuh vf/dkjksa osQ fl¼kar dk
ekuuk gS fd vf/dkj izkÑfrd u gksdj jkT; dh nsu gksrs gSaA osQoy jkT; }kjk fn, tkus okys vf/dkj gh
vf/dkj gksrs gSaA vf/dkj O;fDr eas vUrfuZfgr ugha gS cfYd Ñf=ke gSa D;ksafd O;fDr dh dksbZ Hkh ek¡x rc rd
vf/dkj ugha cu ldrh tc rd mls jkT; fuf'pr ,oa lqjf{kr u djsA bl fl¼kar osQ va'k gesa gkWCl osQ fpUru
esa feyrs gSa ftldk fopkj Fkk fd izR;sd O;fDr dks vkRelqj{kk dk (izkÑfrd) vf/dkj gS ijUrq ;g vf/dkj
osQoy jkT; }kjk gh mÙke rjhosQ ls lqjf{kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl fl¼kar dk Li"Vdhj.k vkSj O;k[;k gesa
cSUFke vkSj vkWfLVu rFkk vU; dkuwu'kkfL=k;ksa osQ fopkjksa esa feyrh gSA
cSUFke us izkjfEHkd mnkjoknh ys[kdksa rFkk vejhdk vkSj izQkal dh Økafr;ksa osQ leFkZdksa }kjk izpfyr izkÑfrd
vf/dkjksa osQ fl¼kar dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA mlus bl fl¼kar dks ew[kZrkiw.kZ] fujFkZd vkSj csrqdk ekuk lS¼kfUrd
rkSj ls gks ldrk gS fd ;g fl¼kar cgqer dh rkuk'kkgh ij lhek,¡ yxkrk gksA ijUrq O;kogkfjd Lrj ij
(Declaration of Rights of Man) ml fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks e`R;qn.M ls ugha cpk ldkA ftls izQkal osQ
Økafrdkjh U;k;ky; osQ lkeus is'k fd;k x;k FkkA u gh ;g fl¼kar vejhdk osQ dkys yksxksa dks nklrk ls eqfDr
fnyk ldkA vr% izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa dh O;kogkfjd mi;ksfxrk u osQ cjkcj FkhA cSUFke osQ vuqlkj] vf/dkjksa
dk vk/kj osQoy O+kQkuwu gS tks Lo;a mi;ksfxrk dh /kj.kk ij vk/kfjr gksrk gSA cSUFke us izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa dks
cSlkf[k;ksa ij fVdh egkew[kZrk (nonsense upon stilts) dh laKk nhA mlosQ vuqlkj O+kQkuwu vkSj vf/dkj
vfuok;Zr% ,d gSaµO+kQkuwu mldk oLrqijd :i gS vkSj vf/dkj O;fDrijd :iA
O+kQkuwuh vf/dkjksa osQ fl¼kar dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ gksrh gSaµ(i) jkT; vf/dkjksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS vkSj mUgsa ,d
izki=k (Bill of Rights) osQ :i esa lqfuf'pr djrk gSA vf/dkj jkT; ls igys ugha gS cfYd jkT; gh vf/dkjksa
dk lzksr gS_ (ii) jkT; og O+kQkuwuh vkSj laLFkkRed <k¡pk Hkh iznku djrk gS tks bu vf/dkjksa osQ miHkksx osQ fy,
vko';d gksrk gSA jkT; bu vf/dkjksa dks ykxw djrk gS_ rFkk (iii) D;ksafd vf/dkjksa dh jpuk vkSj dk;kZUo;u
jkT; djrk gS] vr% tc Hkh O+kQkuwu esa ifjorZu vkrk gS rks vf/dkjksa esa Hkh ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA
O+kQkuwuh fl¼kar dk ekuuk gS fd ;g t:jh ugha fd vf/dkjksa dk lzksr jkT; gh gks] ijUrq jkT; dh ekU;rk vkSj
lqj{kk osQ vHkko esa vf/dkj oS/ ugha gksrsA os jkT; }kjk ykxw fd;s tkrs gSa D;ksafd os vf/dkj gS u fd os
vf/dkj gS blfy, os ykxw fd;s tk,¡A os lHkh ek¡xsa tks O;fDr osQ uSfrd fodkl osQ fy, vfuok;Z gSa ijUrq mUgsa
jkT; dh ekU;rk vkSj lqj{kk izkIr ugha gS] mUgsa vf/d ls vf/d lEHkkfor vf/dkjksa dk uke fn;k tk ldrk
gSA os osQoy vf/dkjksa dk vk/kj gks ldrh gS] iw.kZ vf/dkj ughaA

jkT;&iznÙk vf/dkjksa dks ^ldkjkRed vf/dkj* (Positive Rights) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA vk/qfud jkT; esa
ukxfjdksa dks osQoy ;g ldkjkRed vf/dkj gh miyC/ gksrs gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ thou] Lora=krk] lEifÙk] f'k{kk]
cq<+kis dh isa'ku vkfn osQ vf/dkj tks lHkh jkT; }kjk ekU;rk izkIr gksrs gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr ;s vf/dkj
lanHkkZRed gksrs gSa] vFkkZr~ ;s osQoy mUgha ukxfjdksa dks fn, tkrs gSa tks blosQ {ks=kkf/dkj esa vkrs gSaA bu vf/dkjksa
dk vfLrRo rc rd jgrk gS tc rd muls lEcfU/r O+kQkuwuksa dk vfLrRo jgrk gS ;k tc rd U;k;ky; mUgsa
O+kQkuwu osQ fo#¼ ?kksf"kr ugha dj nsrkA

vkykspuk (Criticism)

izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa dh rjg O+kQkuwuh vf/dkjksa dk fl¼kar Hkh dbZ izdkj ls v/wjk FkkA izFke] O+kQkuwuh fl¼kar us
lHkh vf/dkjksa dks vius fl¼kar esa lfEefyr ugha fd;kA ;g osQoy mUgha vf/dkjksa dk o.kZu djrk gS ftUgsa
jkT; vius O+kQkuwu ls ekU; vkSj lqjf{kr dj pqdk gSA ;g bl n`f"Vdks.k ls v/wjk Fkk fd blus ;g ckr Li"V

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