Page 134 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—6: vf/dkj

bl fl¼kar osQ vuqlkj] vf/dkjksa dk vk/kj bfrgkl gksrk gSA vf/dkj jhfr&fjoktksa dk lkj rRo gksrs gSaA ;g uksV
lkj&rRo dkykUrj esa vf/dkj cu tkrs gSaA jhps osQ vuqlkj os vf/dkj ftUgsa yksx lksprs gSa fd muosQ gksus
pkfg,] okLro esa vf/dkj gksrs gSa ftudh mUgsa igys gh vknr iM+h gksrh gS ;k ftudk os dHkh iz;ksx dj pqosQ
gksrs gSaA vf/dkjksa dk igyk O+kQkuwu ijEijk gSA cgqr ls vf/dkjksa dk ;fn fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk;s rks ik;k tk,xk
fd jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj ijEijkvksa osQ :i esa os cM+h nsj ls pys vk jgs gksrs gSaA blosQ foijhr os ekaxs ftudk dksbZ
,sfrgkfld vk/kj ugha gksrk] vf/dkj cuus osQ ckn Hkh bruh dkjxj ugha gksrhA
la{ksi esa] vf/dkj ,sfrgkfld fodkl dk iQy gksrs gSaA os lHkh fu;e tks O+kQkuwu osQ ,sfrgkfld fl¼kar ij ykxw
gksrs gSa] vf/dkjksa ij Hkh ykxw fd, tk ldrs gSaA blosQ vuqlkj%
(i) vf/dkj loZekU; ugha gksrs] ;s le; vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls lhfer gksrs gSa vkSj lkekftd lewg fo'ks"k ls
lEcfU/r gksrs gSaA

(ii) vf/dkjksa dk vk/kj cqf¼ ,oa foosd u gksdj ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k gksrh gS_ buosQ fuekZ.k esa O;fDr fo'ks"k
dh dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha gksrhA
(iii) lkoZtfud vf/dkjksa dh /kj.kk dks baxfy'k] iszQUp ;k teZu yksxksa osQ ,sfrgkfld vf/dkjksa ls cny nsuk
pkfg,_
(iv) lq/kj vlEHko gS] ,sfrgkfld izfØ;k dks fcuk fdlh gLr{ksi osQ vkxs c<+us dk volj nsuk gh csgrj gSA

(v) ^vykSfdd izkÑfrd O;oLFkk* (transcendent natural order) osQ fopkj dks ^,sfrgkfld izfØ;k esa
vUrfuZfgr O;oLFkk* (order immanent in historical process) dh /kj.kk ls izfrLFkkfir djuk gh mfpr
gSA
vkykspuk (Criticism)

mijksDr ppkZ ls irk pyrk gS fd ,sfrgkfld vf/dkjksa dk fl¼kar izkÑfrd ,oa O+kQkuwuh fl¼kUrksa osQ fo#¼
izfrfØ;k FkkA rFkkfi] oqQy feykdj bl fl¼kar us bfrgkl dk :f<+oknh vkSj ijEijkxr n`f"Vdks.k izLrqr fd;kA
bldh lcls cM+h =kqfV ;g Fkh fd bl fl¼kar us vPNh vkSj cqjh ijEijk esa dksbZ fo'ks"k vUrj ugha fd;kA ;fn
vf/dkj bfrgkl vkSj ijEijkvksa osQ ifj.kke gSa rks loky ;g gS fd ;fn fdlh lekt osQ jhfr&fjokt nklizFkk]
cgqfookg] lrhizFkk ;k jaxHksn uhfr dks ijEijkxr ekurs gSa rks D;k mUgsa vf/dkj cuus dk volj fn;k tk;s\
D;k lekt ml fnu dk bUrtkj djrk jgs tc lkekftd psruk mRiUu gksxh vkSj yksx budks ,d u;k vFkZ nsaxs
ftUgsa vf/dkj dgk tk;sxkA la{ksi esa] ;fn ijEijk,¡ gh vf/dkjksa dk vk/kj gS rks lekt esa fdlh Hkh rjg dk
lq/kj lEHko ugha gksxkA blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd dksbZ Hkh lekt viuh ijEijkvksa vkSj laLÑfr ls ukrk ugha rksM+
ldrk] ijUrq ;g Hkh mruk gh lp gS fd osQoy bUgha ij gh Hkjkslk ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lekt dk mxzoknh
lkekftd ifjorZu bfrgkl dh u;h O;k[;k dh ekax djrk gS tSlk fd ckn esa ekDlZ] ,axsYl rFkk muosQ
vuq;kf;;ksa us gesa crk;kA blh rjg iqjkus :f<+oknh] ladh.kZ jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj ijEijkvksa dks lekIr djus osQ fy,
jkT; osQ dkuwu dk lgkjk ysuk dksbZ xyr ckr ugha gSA vf/dkjksa dks ijEijkvksa osQ fodkl rd lhfer j[k osQ]
,sfrgkfld fl¼kar us vf/dkjksa dh O;k[;k vkSj vk/kj dks cgqr lhfer dj fn;kA blus vf/dkjksa dh xfr'khy
vkSj ifjorZu'khy izÑfr dh rjiQ è;ku ugha fn;kA

4- uSfrd vf/dkjksa dk fl¼kar (Theory of Moral Rights)

bl fl¼kar osQ vuqlkj vf/dkj viuk vkSfpR; ml uSfrd lafgrk ls xzg.k djrs gSa ftlesa ,d leqnk; fo'ks"k
osQ lnL; ijLij Hkkxhnkj gksrs gSaA vf/dkj O;fDr osQ vUr%dj.k }kjk ykxw gksrs gSaA ;|fi Vh-,p- xzhu us bls

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