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bdkbZ—6: vf/dkj
th-Mh-,p- dksy] ,y-Vh- gkWcgkml] ykLdh] ckoZQj vkfn izeq[k gSaA bl /kj.kk osQ vuqlkj O+kQkuwu] jhfr&fjokt] uksV
ijEijk,¡] izkÑfrd vf/dkj vkfn lHkh dk ,d gh ekun.M gS vkSj og gS lkekftd dY;k.kA tSlk fd
gkWcgkml fy[krs gSa] ^vlyh vf/dkj lkekftd dY;k.k dh 'krsZa gSa vkSj fofHkUu vf/dkjksa dk vkSfpR; bl ckr
esa gS fd lekt osQ lkeUtL;iw.kZ fodkl osQ fy, os D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA* vf/dkjksa osQ dY;k.kdkjh fl¼kar
dh loksZÙke O;k[;k gesa ykLdh dh iqLrd A Grammar of Politics esa feyrh gSA mlosQ vuqlkj] ^vf/dkj
lkekftd thou dh os ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa ftuosQ vHkko esa O;fDr viuk loZJs"B izkIr ugha dj ldrk*A jkT; dk
vfLrRo O;fDr dh bu izkfIr;ksa esa lgk;rk djuk gS vkSj jkT; ;g dke vf/dkj lqjf{kr djosQ csgrj dj ldrk
gSA bl fl¼kar dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkrs gq, ykLdh fy[krs gSa fd vf/dkjksa dk loky osQoy lekt osQ lUnHkZ esa
gh iSnk gksrk gSA ;|fi vf/dkj O;fDr dh ekaxs gSa ijUrq ;g ,d ,slh ek¡x gS tks nwljksa osQ lkFk lk>h gSaA vr%
vf/dkj lkekU; fgr vkSj leku mís';ksa osQ lkFk tqM+ tkrs gSaA jkT; bu vf/dkjksa dks lqjf{kr djosQ O;fDr dks
viuk rFkk lekt nksuksa dk Hkyk djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA O;fDrxr fgr lkekftd fgr dk vfHkUu vax gksrk
gSA
nwljs] vf/dkj lekt esa ykHkdkjh dk;ksZa osQ lkFk tqM+s gq, gSaA vf/dkjksa dk vkSfpR; lkekftd Lrj ij fd,
tkus okys ykHkdkjh dk;ks± esa gSA O;fDr osQ vf/dkjksa osQ mi;ksx dks lkekftd fgr esa ;ksxnku nsus okys dk;ksZa
osQ lanHkZ esa gh mfpr Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA
rhljs] vf/dkj O;fDr dh jkT; ls oqQN ek¡xas gSa vkSj jkT; dk drZO; gS fd og os ifjfLFkfr;k¡ tqVk, rkfd
vf/dkjksa dk ykHk mBk;k tk losQA bl lUnHkZ esa ykLdh dk fopkj gS fd vf/dkj fujaoqQ'k ugha gksrs] lkekftd
fgr dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, jkT; bu vf/dkjksa ij oqQN lhek,¡ Hkh yxk ldrk gSA ijUrq ;s lhek,¡ roZQlaxr gksuh
pkfg,A ;fn ;g euethZ dh gS rks os viuk vkSfpR; [kks cSBrh gS vkSj budk fojks/ djuk O;fDr dk vf/dkj
gh ugha] drZO; Hkh gks tkrk gSA
pkSFks] lkekftd thou dh 'krs± gksus osQ dkj.k ykLdh jktuhfrd vkSj O+kQkuwuh vf/dkjksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd
vkSj lkekftd vf/dkjksa dks fo'ks"k egÙo nsrs gSa] tSls dke djus dk vf/dkj] vkjke dk vf/dkj] dke osQ
mfpr ?k.Vs] m|ksxksa osQ izcU/ esa e”knwj&oxZ dh fgLlsnkjh] f'k{kk] lhfer lEifÙk dk vf/dkj vkfnA
ik¡pos] bu vf/dkjksa dh lqj{kk osQ fy, ykLdh osQ vuqlkj jkT; Lrj dk iztkrkfU=kd] lhfer vkSj foosQfUnzr
gksuk vko';d gS D;ksafd blls O;fDr vkSj jkT; osQ chp rkyesy vkSj lapkj vPNk vkSj fo'okliw.kZ gks ldrk
gSA
la{ksi esa] lkekftd dY;k.k lEcU/h /kj.kk dk ekuuk gS fd% (i) vf/dkj lkekftd thou dh 'krs± gSa_ (ii) vf/dkjksa
dk loky osQoy lekt esa gh iSnk gksrk gS_ (iii) fdlh O;fDr dks lkekftd fgr osQ fo#¼ dksbZ vf/dkj ugha
fey ldrk_ (iv) vf/dkj O;fDr dks blfy, fn, tkrs gSa rkfd og lkekftd fgr esa viuk ;ksxnku ns losQA
;fn izR;sd jkT; bl ckr ls tkuk tkrk gS fd og vius ukxfjdksa dks fdrus vf/dkj nsrk gS rks vf/dkj Hkh
bl ckr ls tkus tkrs gSa fd buosQ ekè;e ls lkekftd dY;k.k fdl lhek rd miyC/ gksrk gSA
6- vf/dkjksa dk ledkyhu mnkjoknh&O;fDroknh fl¼kar
(Contemporary Liberal-Individualistic Theory of Rights)
fiNys rhl lkyksa esa vf/dkjksa dk mnkjoknh&O;fDroknh fl¼akr nks ys[kdksa osQ fopkjksa ls vR;f/d izHkkfor gqvk
gSA ;s ys[kd gSa tkWu jkWYl vkSj jkscVZ uksf”kdA nksuksa ys[kdksa us mnkjoknh ijEijk osQ vUrxZr dkiQh [;kfr izkIr
dh gS vkSj oqQN vU; ys[kdksa tSls Mksjfdu] xkYLVksu] ,osQeSu] cSjh vkfn dks vf/dkjksa osQ oSdfYid fl¼kar
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 131
