Page 137 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV izfrikfnr djus dh izsj.kk nh gSA ;s fpUrd nks egÙoiw.kZ ledkyhu lkekftd&vkfFkZd n`f"Vdks.kksa dk izfrfuf/Ro
djrs gSaA jkscVZ uksf”kd eqDr ck”kkj] eqDr O;kikfjd iw¡thokn] mnkjhdj.k rFkk U;wure jkT; dk leFkZu djrs gSaA
blosQ foijhr] jkWYl lerkoknh mnkjokn dh dhUl dh ijEijk dk leFkZu djrs gSaA ;s iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk dh
dk;ZoqQ'kyrk ls izHkkfor gS ijUrq D;ksafd ;g vFkZO;oLFkk dbZ rjg dh vlekurkvksa dks tUe nsrh gS] vr%
iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ ekSfyd vk/kj dks lekIr fd, fcuk ;s dY;k.kdkjh vkSj jkT; funsZf'kr dk;ksZa }kjk
bldh dfe;ksa rFkk blosQ }kjk vU; vlekurkvksa dks de djus osQ mik; crkrs gSaA
uksf”kd osQ vuqlkj] vf/dkjksa dk izeq[k lzksr ^vkRe&LokfeRo osQ izkÑfrd vf/dkj* (Nature Right of
Self-ownership) dk fu;e gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd izR;sd O;fDr dks vius&vkiesa ,d lkè; ekuk tk,A
mudh iqLrd dk igyk okD; bl rjg gS% ^O;fDr osQ vf/dkj gksrs gSaA vU; O;fDr;ksa vFkok lewgksa dks ,slk
oqQN ugha djuk pkfg, ftlls bUgsa uqdlku gks (D;ksafd ;g uqdlku vf/dkjksa dk mYya?ku fd, fcuk ugha gks
ldrk) (Individuals have rights and there are no things persons or group may do to
them (without violating their rights)* lekt dks bu vf/dkjksa dk vknj vfuok;Zr% djuk pkfg,
D;ksafd O;fDr vius&vkiesa lkè; gS] lk/u ughaA vf/dkj O;fDr osQ Lora=k vfLrRo dh igpku gS vkSj xEHkhj
:i ls ns[kk tk, rks budk vFkZ gS fd O;fDr nwljksa osQ LokFkZ iwjk djus dk lzksr ugha gSA vf/dkjksa dk vknj
djus dk vFkZ gS yksxksa osQ leku gksus osQ nkos dk vknj djukA ,d bPNkLokra=;oknh lekt O;fDr osQ vf/dkjksa
dk vknj djosQ okLro esa O;fDr dk vknj djrk gS vkSj ;g izR;sd O;fDr dks O;fDrxr Lrj ij ;k nwljksa osQ
lkFk feydj viuk thou ekxZ pquus ;k y{;ksa dks fu/kZfjr djus dh NwV nsrk gSA
tgk¡ td vf/dkjksa dh fo"k;&oLrq dk iz'u gS] uksf”kd osQoy 'kq¼ O;fDrxr vf/dkjksa dk leFkZu djrs gSa]
fo'ks"kdj lEifÙk izkIr djus vkSj mls j[kus dk vf/dkj vkSj le>kSrs djus dh Lora=krkA uksf”kd dh lEifÙk
dh /kj.kk esa O;fDr osQ dY;k.kdkjh vf/dkjksa vkSj mudh jkT; }kjk lqj{kk dk dksbZ LFkku ugha gSA mlosQ vuqlkj
izR;sd O;fDr viuk vkSj viuh ;ksX;rkvksa dk [kqn ekfyd gS vkSj viuh {kerkvksa dk iz;ksx djus osQ fy, Lora=k
gSA izR;sd O;fDr dk viuk ,d Lora=k futh {ks=k gS ftlesa mldh lgefr osQ fcuk dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha gksuk
pkfg,A lHkh jktuhfrd laLFkk,¡ ewy:i ls neudkjh gksrh gSa] vr% mUgsa 'kkflrksa dh loZlEer lgefr izkIr
djuh pkfg,A bu laLFkkvksa dks yksxksa dh LosPNk ij vk/kfjr gksuk pkfg,A O;oLFkk] lqj{kk vkSj U;k; osQ vfrfjDr
jkT; dk dksbZ vkSj mfpr dk;Z ugha gSA vf/dkj jkT; osQ ukxfjd O+kQkuwuksa ls igys osQ gSa] jkT; osQ O+kQkuwu bu
vf/dkjksa dh lqj{kk osQ fy, gSaA
jkWYl ^vf/dkj* vkSj ^U;k;* 'kCnksa dks leku vFkksZa esa iz;ksx djrs gSaA muosQ vuqlkj vf/dkj U;k; esa vkRelkr~
gksus pkfg,A viuh iqLrd ‘A Theory of Justice’ esa jkT;&fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k dk o.kZu djrs gq, jkWYl fy[krs
gSSa fd vf/dkj lHkh O;fDr;ksa osQ ^voKk osQ insZ* (Veil of ignorance) ls Hkh igys osQ gSa] ijUrq yksxksa osQ
dksbZ izkÑfrd vf/dkj ugha Fks flok; mu vf/dkjksa osQ tks mUgksaus loZlEefr ls jkT; dk fuekZ.k djrs gq, pqusA
bu vf/dkjksa dks Hkh blfy, Lohdkj fd;k x;k D;ksafd ;g yksxksa dk loZlEer fu.kZ; FkkA os vf/dkj tks yksxksa
us le>kSrs osQ le; pqus] nks rjg osQ Fksµ(i) izR;sd O;fDr dk lokZf/d ekSfyd Lora=krk dk leku vf/dkj
tks nwljs yksxksa osQ bl leku vf/dkj ls esy [krk gks rFkk (ii) lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa dks bl
rjhosQ ls izcfU/r fd;k tk, fd (d) os lekt osQ U;wure lqfo/k izkIr yksxksa dks lokZf/d ykHk igqpk,¡ vkSj
([k) volj dh fu"i{k lekurk osQ vk/kj ij lHkh inksa vkSj fLFkfr;ksa ls tqM+h jgsaA
ekSfyd Lora=krkvksa ls jkWYl dk vfHkizk; Fkk% mu lHkh ukxfjd vkSj jktuhfrd vf/dkjksa ls tks vkt osQ
mnkjoknh ns'kksa esa fn, tkrs gSa] tSls oksV dk vf/dkj] jktuhfrd in izkIr djus dk vf/dkj] O+kQkuwu dk 'kklu]
Hkk"k.k rFkk vfHkO;fDr dk vf/dkj vkfnA ijUrq jkWYl osQ fy, vf/dkjksa dk egÙo blesa gS fd lekt osQ

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