Page 142 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—6: vf/dkj

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2- lEifÙk osQ vf/dkj dks izk;% lekIr dj fn;k x;k gSA uksV
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3- osQ ckn mnkjokn osQ varxZr O;fDrxr vf/dkjksa dh dbZ /kj.kk,¡ izLrqr dh xb±A

VkLd ^,d O;fDr osQ fy, vf/dkj fdrus vko';d gSa*] ij vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A

6-2 ekuo vf/dkj (Human Rights)

vf/dkjksa dk egÙo fl¼ djus osQ fy, le;≤ ij buosQ lkFk ^izkÑfrd*] ^ekSfyd*] ^ekuoh;* vkfn
fo'ks"k.k yxk;s tkrs jgs gSaA chloha 'krkCnh esa ^ekuo vf/dkj* dh /kj.kk cgqr yksdfiz; gks xbZ gSA ;g 'krkCnh
ekuo vf/dkjksa dh 'krkCnh dgh tkrh gS D;ksafd ekuo vf/dkjksa dh /kj.kk mnkjoknh&iztkrkaf=kd rFkk
lektoknh lHkh ns'kksa esa dkiQh yksdfiz; gks pqdh gSA O;ogkfjd Lrj ij lHkh jkT; vkt ekuo vf/dkjksa dh
fdlh u fdlh /kj.kk esa vo'; fo'okl djrs gSa tks muosQ lekt rFkk jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dks U;k;laxr djkj
nsrh gSA

ekuo vf/dkjksa dk vFkZ rFkk fo'ks"krk,¡ (Human Right: Meaning and Characteristics)

ekuo vf/dkj dh /kj.kk dk vFkZ gS fd ekuo leqnk; dk izR;sd lnL; viuh ekuoh;rk osQ dkj.k oqQN
ekSfyd vf/dkj j[krk gSA ;s oqQN ,sls vf/dkj gSa tks izR;sd O;fDr }kjk ek¡xs tk ldrs gSaA ;s O+kQkuwuh vFkok
jk"Vªh; u gksdj loZO;kid vf/dkj gSa tks izR;sd jkT; esa fdUgha Hkh izdkj dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh mifLFkfr vFkok
vHkko esa yksxksa dks feyus gh pkfg,A ;s jkT; ;k lekt dh nsu u gksdj Lo;a O;fDr esa vUrfuZfgr gSaA nk'kZfud
n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk, rks ;s vf/dkj l=kgoha 'krkCnh esa fodflr izkÑfrd vf/dkjksa dh /kj.kk ls gh izsfjr
gSa ijUrq chloha 'krkCnh esa bUgsa ekuoh; vf/dkj dgk x;k D;ksafd vkt bUgsa ekuoh; cqf¼ ij vk/kfjr u ekudj
ekuoh; vko';drk ij vk/kfjr ekuk tkrk gSA ekuo vf/dkjksa dk izsj.kk lzksr ;g okLrfodrk gS fd ,d
O;fDr tks Hkw[kk gS] lyk[kksa esa can gS] vui<+ gS] dke dk mfpr osru izkIr ugha dj jgk] 'kksf"kr vFkok mRihfM+r
gS] og ,d ,slk thou fcrk jgk gS tks ,d ekuo osQ mi;qDr ugha gSA

eSdiQjysu osQ vuqlkj] ^ekuo vf/dkj os uSfrd vf/dkj gSa tks izR;sd iq#"k vFkok L=kh dks osQoy ekuo gksus
osQ ukrs feyrs gSaA* ;s vf/dkj nwljs vf/dkjksa ls ik¡p fo'ks"krkvksa osQ vk/kj ij igpkus tk ldrs
gSaµ(i) loZO;kidrk (universality)] (ii) O;fDrijdrk (Individuality)] (iii) loksZPprk (Paramountcy)]
(iv) O;ogkfjdrk (Practicability) rFkk (v) dk;kZUo;u (Enforceability)A
bu fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k djrs gq, eSdiQjysu fy[krs gSa fd ;s loZO;kid bl vFkZ esa gSa fd vf/dkj lHkh
yksxksa osQ lHkh le;ksa vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gksrs gSaA la;qDr jk"Vª la?k }kjk ekuo vf/dkjksa dh ?kks"k.k lEiw.kZ ekuo
ek=k osQ fy, gS pkgs os fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ 'kklu vFkok ifjfLFkfr esa th jgs gksaA O;fDrijdrk dk vFkZ gS fd
ekuo vf/dkj dh /kj.kk bl fo'okl ij vk/kfjr gS fd O;fDr ,d Lora=k izk.kh gS] mldh viuh izfr"Bk gS]
og viuh vUrjkRek vkSj roZQcqf¼ dk ekfyd gS vkSj lkekftd Lrj ij vius fu.kZ; ysus osQ ;ksX; gSaA vr% tgk¡
O;fDr osQ O;fDrRo osQ bu ewY;ksa dks ekU;rk ugha nh tkrh ogk¡ vf/dkj vf/dkj u jgdj jhfr&fjoktksa vkSj
ijEijkvksa dk va'k ek=k cudj jg tkrs gSaA vf/dkj loksZPp Hkh gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k ls fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr bu
vf/dkjksa dk mYya?ku osQoy vU;k; dh dher ij gh dj ldrk gSA loksZPprk dk vFkZ gS fd ekuoh; vf/dkj
^oqQN ,sls dke tks ugha djus pkfg,] oqQN ,slh Lora=krk,¡ ftu ij vkap ugha vkuh pkfg,] oqQN ,sls ewY; tks

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