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bdkbZ—6: vf/dkj
ekuo vf/dkjksa ij la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dk ?kks"k.kki=k (U.N. Declaration on Human Rights) uksV
vf/dkjksa dh /kj.kk osQ yEcs bfrgkl esa ekuo vf/dkjksa dk fopkj f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ osQ ckn dh nsu gSA bldk
rkRdkfyd lanHkZ ;q¼ osQ nkSjku fgVyj osQ iQklhoknh 'kklu }kjk fd, x, uj&lagkj osQ fo#¼ rh[kh ?k`.kk FkhA
bl ?k`.kk osQ ifj.kkeLo:i ;q¼ osQ ckn fot;h ns'kksa us dbZ teZu usrkvksa osQ mQij mu vijk/ksa ij eqdnesa pyk,
ftudk jk"Vªksa dh dkuwuh fdrkcksa esa dksbZ o.kZu ugha Fkk ijUrq tks vUrjkZ"Vªh; U;k;ky; (International Court
of Justice) osQ iSQlyksa ij vk/kfjr FksA bu vijk/ksa dks ^ekuork* osQ fo#¼ vijk/ (Crimes Against
Humanity) dk uke fn;k x;k vkSj Hkfo"; osQ fy, ,d ekun.M LFkkfir djus osQ fy, 1948 esa la;qDr jk"Vª
la?k us ekuo vf/dkjksa dh lkoZtfud ?kks"k.kk osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k lfefr dh jpuk dhA bl ?kks"k.kk us lHkh ns'kksa
osQ lHkh ukxfjdksa osQ fy, miyfC/;ksa osQ ,d leku ekun.M dk izLrko j[kkA blosQ vuqlkj lHkh yksx leku
izfr"Bk vkSj vf/dkjksa osQ lkFk iSnk gksrs gSa] vr% mUgsa os lHkh vf/dkj tks ^la;qDr jk"Vª ?kks"k.kki=k* esa fy[ks
x, gSa] fcuk fdlh tkfr] jax] fyax] Hkk"kk] /eZ] er] fofHkUurk] jk"Vªh; lEifÙk] tUe vkfn osQ HksnHkko osQ izkIr
gksus pkfg,A
os dkSu ls vf/dkj gSa tks ekuo vf/dkj dgyk ldrs\ la;qDr jk"Vª ?kks"k.kk&i=k nks rjg osQ vf/dkjksa dh ckr
djrk gSµ(i) ukxfjd vkSj jktuhfrd vf/dkj] (ii) vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd vf/dkjA ukxfjd vkSj
jktuhfrd vf/dkjksa esa thou] Lora=krk] lqj{kk] nklrk ls eqfDr] leku dkuwuh lqj{kk] ?kweus&fiQjus dh Lora=krk]
fopkjkfHkO;fDr vUrjkRek vkSj /kfeZd Lora=krk] leqnk; cukus] o;Ld erkf/dkj osQ vk/kj ij pqukoksa eas fgLlk
ysus osQ vf/dkj izeq[k gSaA lkekftd&vkfFkZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd vf/dkjksa esa lkekftd lqj{kk] dke djus] vkjke
djus] U;wure thou Lrj] f'k{kk rFkk vius leqnk; dh lkaLÑfrd fojklrksa esa fgLlk ysus osQ vf/dkj vkrs gSaA
?kks"k.kki=k bl ckr dks Hkh ekU;rk nsrk gS fd izR;sd O;fDr dks ,d ,slh jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;oLFkk esa
jgus dk vf/dkj gS ftlesa bu Lora=krkvksa dk izHkko'kkyh <ax ls miHkksx fd;k tk losQA
la;qDr jk"Vª dk ?kks"k.kki=k ekuo&tkfr esa viuk n`<+ fo'okl izdV djrk gS vkSj vf/dkjksa osQ loZO;kid gksus
dh ckr djrk gS rkfd ;s O;fDr dks ,d jkT; fo'ks"k osQ jk"Vªh; dkuwuksa osQ vHkko osQ ckotwn izkIr gks losaQA
;g ekuoh; Lora=krk osQ egÙoiw.kZ i{kksa rFkk thou dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh ppkZ djrk gS vkSj ljdkjksa ls vuqjks/
djrk gS fd os bUgsa ykxw djus dk iz;Ru djsaA ?kks"k.kki=k bl fu;e ij vk/kfjr gS fd vf/dkj lkekftd Lrj
ij O;fDr osQ vPNs thou dh izkfIr osQ lk/u gSa vkSj ljdkjksa dk drZO; yksxksa osQ bu leku vf/dkjksa dh izkfIr
osQ la?k"kZ esa muosQ nkoksa dks bl rjg ls izcfU/r djuk gS fd vPNs thou dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ lc yksxksa osQ fy,
lEHko gks losaQA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
cgq&fodYih; iz'u (Multiple Choice Questions)µ
4- ^ekuo vf/dkj os uSfrd vf/dkj gSa] tks izR;sd iq#"k vFkok L=kh dks osQoy ekuo gksus osQ ukrs feyrs
gSa* dFku fdldk gS\
(v) eSdiQjysu (c) ykWLdh
(l) vkWfLVu (n) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
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