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bdkbZ—1: jktuhfrd fl¼kUr dh izÑfr ,oa egÙo
nwljk] mnkjokfn;ksa osQ foijhr] ladh.kZoknh lkekftd le>kSrs osQ fopkj dks ugha ekursA D;ksafd ekuo lektksa uksV
dk ,sfrgkfld n`f"Vdks.k ls ozQfed fodkl gksrk gS] vr% orZeku lekt osQ osQoy dÙkZO; ,oa mÙkjnkf;Ro gh
gS ftudh mRifÙk rFkk ewy roZQ vrhr esa dgha [kks pqosQ gSa ijUrq ftUgsa] oqQN ys[kdksa osQ vuqlkj] vHkh Lohdkj
djus dh vko';drk gSA laLFkkvksa ,oa ewY;ksa dk D;ksafd fodkl gksrk gS] vr% mudh de”kksfj;k¡ rFkk dfe;k¡
mtkxj gksuk LokHkkfod gS vkSj tSls&tSls turk dk muosQ fo#¼ ncko c<+rk gS oSls&oSls muesa /hjs&/hjs ifjorZu
djus dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA
rhljh] ladh.kZoknh osQoy lq/kjksa dks jí gh ugha djrs cfYd os bl ckr ij Hkh 'kadk tkfgj djrs gSa fd orZeku
ih<+h vFkok O;fDr;kas esa bruh ;ksX;rk gS fd os dbZ ihf<+;ksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i fodflr gq, ekuo O;ogkj ,oa
laLFkkvksa esa ifjorZu dj losQaA vr% os fdlh Hkh izdkj dh O;kid ;kstukvksa osQ fo#¼ gS] pkgs os laoS/kfud
gks ;k vkfFkZd vFkok lkaLo`QfrdA vr% coZQ dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, ladh.kZoknh fdlh Hkh izdkj dh ozQkfUr vFkok
fonzksg dh fuUnk djrs gSa D;ksafd ;s lHkh fgalk vkSj [kwu [kjkcs dks tUe nsrs gSaA
pkSFks] ladh.kZokn dk roZQ gS fd ,d ozQkfUrfoghu 'kkfUriw.kZ lekt osQ fy, lkekftd inkFkks± osQ iqu% forj.k
dk dksbZ rjhdk gksuk pkfg,A tgk¡ vk/qfud mnkjoknh bl iqufoZrj.k osQ vk/kj dks ekuoh; fodkl osQ fy,
izkjfEHkd uhao cukus osQ mís'; ls mfpr Bgjkrs gSa] ogk¡ ladh.kZokfn;ksa dk iqufoZrj.k bl ij vk/kfjr gS fd xjhc]
Hkw[ks&uaxs yksx xqLls esa vkdj dgha ;FkkfLFkfr osQ fo#¼ [kM+s u gks tk;s] tSlk fd izQkal dh ozQkfUr osQ le;
gqvk FkkA vk/qfud ladh.kZoknh Lohdkj djrs gSa fd xjhcksa osQ foijhr] ladh.kZoknh jkT; funsZf'kr osQUnzh; iqu%
forj.k dh vis{kk LFkkuh; rFkk iznÙk iqu% forj.k dk leFkZu djrs gSaA
ik¡posa] ijEijkxr mnkjokfn;ksa dh rjg ladh.kZoknh Hkh lkekftd lEca/ksa esa lEifÙk osQ vf/dkj ij vR;f/d
egÙo nsrs gSaA tgk¡ mnkjoknh lEifÙk osQ vf/dkj dks mi;ksfxrk osQ vk/kj ij mfpr Bgjkrs gSa] ogk¡ ladh.kZoknh
bls jkT; dh 'kfDr vFkok fdlh O;fDr fo'ks"k dh 'kfDr ij lhek yxkus osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls mfpr Bgjkrs gSaA
ladh.kZoknh lEifÙk dk ,d LorU=k rFkk le`¼ lekt osQ fy, ,d ifo=k rFkk ewyr% ewY;oku vk/kjf'kyk ekurs
gSaA lEifÙk osQ vf/dkj dk O;kid forj.k rFkk ladh.kZokn dk ;g fl¼kUr fd O;fDr rFkk lkekftd leqnk;
viuh vko';drkvksa rFkk leL;kvksa dk nwj cSBs ukSdj'kkgksa ls csgrj vkdyu dj ldrs gSaµ;s nksuksa ,d&nwljs
osQ iwjd gSaA D;ksafd ladh.kZokn ewyr% jkT; dks 'kadk osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls ns[krs gSa vr% os lH; ekuo thou dh
ifjiDork osQ leFkZu] funsZ'ku rFkk lgk;rk osQ fy, oSdfYid lkekftd laLFkkvksa dks ojh;rk nsrs gSa tSls ifjokj]
futh lEifÙk] /eZ rFkk O;fDr dh Lo;a xyfr;k¡ dj osQ lh[kus dh LorU=krk vkfnA
NBs] ladh.kZoknh bl /kj.kk dh Hkh vkykspuk djrs gSa fd jk"Vªh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; lkeUtL; osQ fy, vk/qfud
yksd izHkqlÙkk/kjh jkT; ,d osQUnzh;Hkwr laLFkk gSA bldk vfHkizk; gS fd yksd izHkqlÙkk Lo;eso vPNh ljdkj
rFkk fo'o 'kkfUr dks vk'oLr dj nsrh gS D;ksafd bldk vFkZ ;g fudyrk gS fd vkRe&'kklu rFkk vkRe&'kkflr
yksx ,d nwljs ij vkozQe.k ugha djrsA blosQ foijhr ladh.kZokfn;ksa dk roZQ gS fd iztkra=k dks Lo;eso LorU=krk
rFkk vPNh ljdkj osQ lkFk ugha tksM+k tk ldrk] tuerlaxzg dk lgkjk ysdj oqQN O;fDr dks Hkh oS/ Bgjk
ldrs gaSA
ladh.kZokn osQ Lo:i (Forms of Conservatism)
1789 ls ysdj 1945 rd ozQkfUrdkjh jktuhfr ckj&ckj mHkjrh jgh tSls ckSy'kWfod ozQkfUr] iQklhoknh vkUnksyu]
dY;k.kdkjh mnkjoknh vkfn] ftuls ladh.kZoknh dkiQh nq%[kh jgsA f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn osQ n'kdksa esa bls
mnkjoknh iw¡thoknh jkT;ksa esa dY;k.kdkjh jkT; osQ :i es lektoknh pqukSrh dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA bu lHkh
?kVukvksa osQ izfr ladh.kZoknh izfrfozQ;k vyx&vyx jgh ijUrq bu lcdk leku vk/kj FkkµifjorZu osQ fy, fn,
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