Page 20 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—1: jktuhfrd fl¼kUr dh izÑfr ,oa egÙo

sovereign individual) dh /kj.kk fodflr dhA mnkjoknh fopkj/kjk dk osQUnzh; rÙo bldk mxz O;fDrokn uksV
(extreme individualism) FkkA bldh igyh fo'ks"krk ekuo O;fDrRo esa iw.kZ vkLFkk] lHkh O;fDr;ksa dh
vkè;kfRed lekurk rFkk ekuo bPNk dh Lok;Ùkrk FkhA nwljs] mnkjoknh jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa us O;fDr ossQ thou
osQ izR;sd {ks=k esa Lora=krk dk leFkZu fd;k pkgs og {ks=k jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd ;k lkekftd gks vFkok ckSf¼d
;k /kfeZdA ;gk¡ Lora=krk dk vFkZ fy;k x;k O;fDr dh mu lHkh izdkj dh lÙkkvksa ls eqfDr tks mldh ethZ
osQ fcuk ml ij Fkksih tkrh gSa vkSj viuh roZQcqf¼ osQ vk/kj ij dk;Z djus dh Lora=krkA rhljs] mnkjokn us
O;fDr osQ vf/dkjksa dh /kj.kk dh jpuk dh] vFkkZr~ izR;sd O;fDr dks jkT; dh mRifÙk ls igys oqQN izko`Qfrd
vf/dkj feys gq, Fks ftuesa thou] Lora=krk vkSj lEifÙk osQ vf/dkj izeq[k gSaA D;ksafd bu vf/dkjksa dks jkT;
ugha nsrk] vr% og bUgsa ys Hkh ugha ldrkA ;s O;fDr osQ vns; vf/dkj gSaA jkT; dh mRifÙk okLro esa bu
vf/dkjksa dh j{kk fy, gqbZ gSA pkSFks] mnkjoknh fl¼kUr us ;g ?kks"k.kk dh fd jkT; dksbZ izko`Qfrd laLFkk u gksdj
O;fDr }kjk fufeZr vkSj O;fDr dh lgefr ij vk/kfjr laLFkk gSA jkT; vkSj O;fDr esa lEcU/ muosQ vkilh
le>kSrs dk ifj.kke gSA ;fn jkT; le>kSrs dk mYya?ku djrs gSa rks O;fDr dk ;g vf/dkj gh ugha cfYd dÙkZO;
Hkh gS fd og bldk fojks/ djosQ rFkk blesa ifjorZu djsA jkT; izko`Qfrd u gksdj ,d e'khu gS ftls O;fDr
us vius fof'k"V fgrksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, cuk;k gS] tSls O+kQkuwu] O;oLFkk] lqj{kk] U;k;] vf/dkjksa dh j{kk vkfnA
jkT; ,d lk/u gS] lkè; ughaA ik¡poas] mnkjoknh jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa us ^lkoZtfud fgr* rFkk ^lkewfgd
leqnk;* dh /kj.kkvksa dks vLohdkj dj fn;kA bldk fopkj Fkk fd og ljdkj lcls vPNh gS tks de ls de
dke djrh gS vkSj leqnk; dk vFkZ gS leqnk; esa jgus okys O;fDrA mnkjoknh jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk mís'; jkT;
dh [kkst ugha Fkk cfYd O;fDr dks lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd cU/uksa rFkk rkuk'kkgh vkSj xSj&izfrfuf/ ljdkjksa ls
eqfDr fnykuk FkkA bl lUnHkZ esa blus jkT; rFkk jkT; vkSj O;fDr osQ lEcU/ksa tSlh /kj.kkvksa dks iqu% ifjHkkf"kr
fd;k rFkk O;fDr osQ fy, vf/dkj] Lora=krk] lekurk] lEifÙk] U;k;] iztkrU=k tSlh /kj.kkvksa dk fodkl fd;kA

D;ksafd mnkjoknh O;fDr dks ,d Lok;Ùk] vgadkjh rFkk LokFkhZ tho ekurk gS rFkk lekt dks ,d ,slk LFkku
tgk¡ O;fDr ,oa fgrksa osQ fy, la?k"kZ djrs gSa vr% ;g jktuhfr dks ,d ,slh lkekftd izfozQ;k ekurk gS tks
lekt esa fooknksa dk fucVkjk djrh gS] O+kQkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k djrh gS] ,drk rFkk lkeUtL; ykrh gS]
lekt osQ lkekU; fgr dh lsok djrh gS rFkk 'kkfUriw.kZ lkekftd ifjorZu osQ fy, jkLrk Li"V djrh gSA ;g
lkekftd fooknksa dks ftu rjhdksa ls gy djrh gS] os gSaµ(i) laoS/kfud O+kQkuwu] (ii) jktuhfrd laLFkk;sa] (iii)
lkekftd dY;k.k] (iv) lkaLo`Qfrd ijEijk;saA lkekftd >xM+ksa esa laoS/kfud O+kQkuwu vfUre fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk
fuHkkrs gSaA ;s lekt esa lcls 'kfDr'kkyh lk/u gksrs gSa D;ksafd buosQ ihNs ltk dk Mj gksrk gSA blesa ewy
laoS/kfud vuqPNsn rFkk fo/kueUMy }kjk le;≤ ij cuk;s tkus okys O+kQkuwu&nksuksa fufgr gksrs gSa tks lekt
esa O;fDr ,oa lewgksa }kjk dh tkus okyh izfrLi/kZ dh lhek;sa fuf'pr djrs gSaA bu dkuwuksa osQ vfrfjDr mnkjokn
us fiNys 300 lkyksa esa jktuhfrd izfozQ;k esa Hkkxsnkjh osQ fy, dbZ jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dk fodkl fd;k gS tSls
iztkrU=k] izfrfuf/ laLFkk;sa] jktuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh] jktuhfrd ny] loZO;kid O;Ld erkf/dkj] ukxfjd ,oa
jktuhfrd vf/dkj (tSls Lora=krk] lEifÙk vkfn)] ncko lewg tSls Lok;Ùk laLFkk;as] okf.kfT;d leqnk;] VªsM
;wfu;u leqnk; vkfnA bl laLFkkvksa esa Hkkxhnkjh osQ ekè;e ls yksx jktuhfrd rFkk lkekftd izfozQ;k osQ lkFk
la?kfVr gks tkrs gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr mnkjoknh jktuhfr us vc dY;k.kdkjh :i ys fy;k gSA >xM+ksa osQ fuokj.k
osQ fy;s mnkjokn O;fDr osQ vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd thou esa Hkh ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k ls gLr{ksi djrk gSA
iw¡thoknh lekt dks fu;fer djosQ rFkk fu%'kqYd f'k{kk] LokLF; chek] lkekftd lqj{kk tSls rjhosQ viukdj ;g
lekt esa >xM+ksa osQ lzksrksa dks de dkjus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr ;g lekt esa O;kid lgefr dk
fuekZ.k djus osQ fy;s f'k{kk] ekl ehfM;k] izksisxUMk] /eZ vkfn tSls oSpkfjd rFkk lkaLo`Qfrd lk/uksa dk Hkh lgkjk
ysrk gSA ;g lg;ksx rFkk lkeUtL; dks c<+kok nsrk gS rFkk okrkZyki] ppkZ rFkk le>k&cq>kdj ,d Lora=k ,oa

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 15