Page 15 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV 4- vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr eq[;r% ftl Lrj ij lS¼kUrhdj.k djrs gSa og gSµjktuhfrd thou esa D;k
gksuk ^pkfg,* u fd D;k ^gS*_ vFkkZr~ blesa bldk lEcU/ uSfrd n'kZu ls lEcfU/r iz'uksa rFkk lkekftd
laLFkkvksa dks izHkkfor djus okys vk/kjHkwr iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsuk gSA budh fpUrk ¶D;k gks jgk gS¸ osQ izfr
de rFkk ¶D;k gksuk pkfg,¸ osQ izfr vf/d gSA ;s jkT; osQ lnL;ksa osQ fy, LorU=krk] lekurk]
vf/dkj] U;k;] lg;ksx] 'kfUr vkfn tSls ewY;ksa osQ egÙo ij cy nsrs gSaA
5- vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr vkns'kkRed (prescriptive) gksrs gSa D;ksafd ;s ewY;kadu osQ oqQN ekud
fuf'pr djrs gSa ftuosQ ekè;e ls ge fdlh O;oLFkk dh dfe;ksa dh tk¡p dj ldrs gSa vkSj muesa lq/kj
djus osQ mik; lq>k ldrs gSaA budk pfj=k vkn'kkZRed gS D;ksafd ;s lekt osQ fy, oqQN uSfrd vkn'kks±
dk fuekZ.k djrs gSaA dkscku osQ vuqlkj] vkn'kkZRed fl¼kUr dk dk;Z ,d ekun.M vFkok fu.kZ; iznku
djuk gksrk gSA blh rjg Iyseuk”k Hkh fy[krs gSa fd bl izdkj osQ fl¼kUr dk mís'; oqQN ,d ewY;ksa
osQ izfr dfVc¼rk vk'oLr djuk gksrk gSA
6- vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fo"k; ¶vkn'kZ jkT;¸ (Ideal state) rFkk ljdkj dk
loZJs"B LFkk;h Lo:i <w¡<+uk jgk gSA Dykfldh ijEijk osQ ys[kdksa dh jpukvksa esa bl izdkj osQ iz'u
ckj&ckj iwNs tkrs jgs tSlsµ'kklu fdls djuk pkfg, rFkk D;kas\ ljdkj dk loZJs"B Lo:i dkSu&lk
gS\ jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa dk mís'; D;k gksuk pkfg,\ ljdkj dks fdu fu;eksa vFkok dkuwuksa dk ikyu
djuk pkfg, vkfnA jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk eq[; lEcU/ lekt esa gksus okys fooknksa@la?k"kks±s osQ dkj.kksa
dh tk¡p iM+rky djuk] mudk fo'ys"k.k djuk rFkk U;k; osQ mu fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk Fkk tks
jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa osQ fy;s HkkSfrd ,oa xSj&HkkSfrd inkFkks± osQ forj.k osQ fy, ,d ekxZ funsZ'kd dk
dk;Z dj losaQA ,d vkn'kZ jkT; dh [kkst us fdlh fl¼kUr dks O;kogkfjd Lrj ij ykxw djus rFkk bl
izfØ;k dk vuqHko izkIr djus dk vewY; lk/u iznku fd;k gSA lexz :i ls vkn'kkZRed jktuhfrd
fl¼kUr vkns'kkRed] dkYifud] ^ewY;kRed* (value-laden) rFkk ^D;k gksuk pkfg,* (ought) ls
lEc¼ gSA
7- vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr oqQN fu;ked fpUrkvkssa (regulative concerns) ij vk/kfjr gS vFkkZr~
os vk/kj ftu ij fl¼kUrksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;s ekU;rk,¡ bl n`f"Vdks.k ls ekSfyd gS fd
mUgsa igys ls gh ekudj pyk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] gkWCl dh jktuhfrd izca/ksa osQ ckjs essa ppkZ
ekuoh; foosd rFkk uh;r dh oqQN fujaoqQ'k ekU;rkvksa ij vk/kfjr gSA nwljk] vkn'khZ fl¼kUr ;g
vk'oLr djus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa fd bu vk/kjHkwr ewY;ksa osQ vuqlkj jktuhfrd O;oLFkk fdl izdkj
LFkkfir dh tk,A nwljs 'kCnksa esa] jktuhfrd laLFkkvksa rFkk izfØ;kvksa dks bu vk/kjHkwr ekU;rkvksa esa ls
fdl izdkj izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mUgsa mfpr Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA orZeku jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa
esa izeq[k vkn'khZ fl¼kUr gS% mnkjokn rFkk bPNkLokra=;okn osQ fofHkUu Lo:i] leqnk;okn] ukjhokn]
ekuoh; ,oa fo'ys"k.kkRed ekDlZokn rFkk x.kjkT;oknA
vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr dh izk;% bl vk/kj ij vkykspuk dh tkrh gS fd ;s dkYifud] vewrZ] dkj.k&dk;Z]
fuxefud] ehekalkRed] ifjdfYir rFkk LoIun'khZ gSA vkuqHkfod fl¼kUr osQ leFkZd vkn'khZ fl¼kar dh bl
vk/kj ij vkykspuk djrs gSa fd vkn'kZ vFkok ewY; lkisf{kd gksrs gSa loZekU; ugha rFkk os fdlh laLÑfr ls
tqM+s gq, rFkk oSpkfjd gksrs gSaA rFkkfi vkn'khZ fl¼kUr dk xq.k ;g gS fd ;g fdlh y{; ls iszfjr gksrs gSaA ;s
jktuhfr dks ^vPNkbZ* rFkk ^U;k;* osQ lkFk tksM+rs gSaA tSlk fd fy;ks LVªkWl fy[krs gSa] ^lHkh izdkj dh jktuhfrd
fØ;k,¡ ^ifjorZu* vFkok ^;FkkfLFkfr* dks cuk;s j[kus ls iszfjr gksrh gSA tc ge ;FkkfLFkfr dks cuk;s j[kuk pkgrs
gSa rks gekjk mís'; fdlh cqjs ifjorZu dks jksduk gksrk gS vkSj tc ge ifjorZu dj jgs gksrs gSa] ge oqQN orZeku

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