Page 13 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

jktuhfrd fl¼kar

uksV osQ fofHkUu Lo:i vkSj dk;Z] yksd] iz'kklu] jktuhfrd izfØ;k] jktuhfrd ny&O;oLFkk rFkk jktuhfrd
O;ogkj] tu lgHkkfxrk] vUrjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr tSls fo"k; jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk fo"k; {ks=k ekus x;sA
f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn osQ O;fDr osQ jktuhfrd O;ogkj ij vk/kfjr vkuqHkfod&oSKkfud (Empirical-
Scientific) fl¼kUr dkiQh yksdfiz; gqvkA bl fLk¼kUr us vU; lkekftd foKkuksa ls izsj.kk ysdj dbZ ubZ
jktuhfrd vo/kj.kkvksa dh jpuk dh tSls 'kfDr] lÙkk fof'k"V&oxZ lewg] jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] jktuhfrd
lekt'kkL=k] jktuhfrd laLÑfr vkfnA bu vo/kj.kkvksa dks Hkh jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk vfHkUu vax ekuk tkrk
gSA

fiNys oqQN lkyksa esa jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa osQ vUrxZr oqQN vkSj u;s fo"k; mHkjdj vk;s gSA ewY;kRed jktuhfr
dh iquLFkkZiuk osQ ckn fl¼kUrksa osQ Lrj ij Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj U;k; tSlh vo/kj.kkvksa dks nksckjk ls izfrf"Br
fd;k x;k gSA blosQ vfrfjDr oqQN vU; u;s fo"k; jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk Hkkx cu jgk gS] tSls ukjhokn]
i;kZoj.k] leqnk;okn] cgqlaLÑfrokn] mÙkj&vk/qfudokn] fodkl rFkk lEiksf"kr fodkl] mikfJr oxZ lewg
vkfnA vkxs vkus okys vè;k;ksa esa bu fo"k;ksa ij izdk'k Mkyk tk;sxkA

ledkyhu fl¼kUrksa esa è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr ;g gS fd vc fl¼kUrksa osQ vè;;u esa fdlh ,d ,dy n`f"Vdks.k
(mnkjoknh vFkok ekDlZoknh) osQ iz;ksx dks egÙo ugha fn;k tkrkA bl i¼fr dks xyr rks ugha ijarq v/wjk
vo'; ekuk tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy;s mnkjokn vkSj ekDlZokn nksuksa Lora=krk dh leL;k dks iq#"k&iz/ku lekt
osQ lanHkZ esa gh ifjHkkf"kr djrs jgs gSa rFkk ukjh vkSj ifjokj osQ lanHkZ esa Lora=krk ,oa U;k; dh leL;k dh voKk
djrs jgsA blh rjg leqnk;onh ys[kd Hkh bl ,dy n`f"Vdks.k dks vis{kkÑr de”kksj ekurs gSaA ledkyhu
fl¼kUr Lora=krk] lekurk vkSj U;k; osQ fl¼kUrksa dks lkoZtfud HkykbZ osQ lanHkZ esa iqu% ifjHkkf"kr djus dk
iz;Ru dj jgs gSaA

jktuhfr fl¼kUr osQ vè;;u osQ mikxeµvkn'khZ rFkk vkuqHkfod
(Approaches to the Study of Political Theory: Normative and Empirical)

tSlk fd Åij Li"V fd;k x;k gS jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa esa dkiQh fofHkUurk gSA if'peh jktuhfrd ijEijk esa
jktuhfrd fl¼kUr ,d fujUrj laokn dh rjg gS tks lfn;ksa ls pyrk vk jgk gSA gkykafd jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa
dh fo"k;oLrq esa yxHkx fujUrjrk cuh gqbZ gS ijUrq blosQ vè;;u osQ mikxeksa esa fiNys oqQN n'kdksa esa dkiQh
vUrj vk;k gSA O;kid Lrj ij ge bUgssa nks izeq[k mikxeksa esa foHkkftr djrs gSaA ;s gSa vkn'khZ rFkk vkuqHkfodA
vkb;s budk foLrkj ls vè;;u djsaA

vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr (Normative Political Theory)
jktuhfrd fl¼kUrkssa esa vkn'kZ rFkk okLrfodrk (Ideals and reality), ewY; ,oa rF; (Value and fact)

nksuksa dk lekos'k gSA vr% jktuhfr fl¼kUr osQ vè;;u osQ fy, ge ftu nks mikxeksa esa varj djrs gSa os
gSaµvkn'khZ rFkk vkuqHkfodA vkn'khZ fl¼kUr dk lEcU/ jktuhfr] jkT;] U;k;] Lora=krk vkfn osQ ckjs esa fofHkUu
jktuhfrd fopkjdksa osQ O;kid fpUru ls gSA ;g fpUru tks vf/drj nk'kZfud izÑfr dk gksrk gS] xzhd jkT;ksa
ls ysdj orZeku le; rd lkoZtfud jktuhfrd fpUru dh ,d lqLi"V ijaijk jgh gSA jktuhfr fl¼kUr dh
bl /kj.kk dks jktuhfrd n'kZu ;k vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

vkn'khZ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr dks dkYifud vFkok nk'kZfud fl¼kUr Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blesa jktuhfrd fl¼kUr
uSfrd'kkL=k] n'kZu vFkok uSfrdrk osQ lkFk vfHkUu :i ls tqM+s gq;s gksrs gSaA blesa uSfrd eqís mBk;s tkrs gSa] bl
fo'okl osQ lkFk fd O;fDr vfuok;Zr% ,d vPNk izk.kh gS vkSj og vius O;fDrxr ,oa lkewfgd nksuksa Lrjksa
ij vPNk dk;Z djuk pkgrk gSA bldk fo'okl gS fd bl fo'o ,oa bldh ?kVukvkssa osQ roZQ] mís'; rFkk y{;

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