Page 18 - DPOL101_POLITICAL_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ—1: jktuhfrd fl¼kUr dh izÑfr ,oa egÙo

ledkyhu jktuhfrd fl¼kUr (Contemporary Political Theory) uksV
1970 osQ ckn vejhdk] ;wjksi rFkk vU; ns'kksa esa jktuhfrd fpUrdksa us uSfrd ewY;ksa ij vk/kfjr jktuhfrd
fl¼kUrksa esa nksckjk #fp ysuh vkjEHk dhA bl iqutkZxj.k osQ egÙoiw.kZ dkj.k tgk¡ ,d rjiQ uSfrd ewY;ksa esa
mHkjrk gqvk la?k"kZ Fkk] ogk¡ nwljh rjiQ lkekftd foKkuksa rFkk lkfgR; esa ifjorZu FksA blosQ vfrfjDr f}rh;
fo'o ;q¼ osQ lk;ksa dh lekfIr] ;wjksi osQ iqu#RFkku rFkk ekDlZokn vkSj lektokn dh fopkj/kjk esa ladV us
jktuhfrd fopkj/kjkvksa esa vfuf'prrk lh yk nhA pkgs og mnkjokn Fkk ;k iztkra=k] ekDlZokn Fkk ;k lektokn]
mHkjrs gq, lkekftd vkUnksyuksa us lcdks pqukSrh nhµos vkUnksyu tks jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa osQ fo"k;{ks=k dk iqu%
izys[ku djuk pkgrs FksA
O;ogkjokn osQ izHkqRo osQ ;qx esa jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dks jktuhfr foKku us vfHkHkwr fd;k gqvk FkkA fl¼kUrksa esa
Kku vkSj [kkst dks U;k;laxr LFkku ugha fn;k x;kA gkykafd O;ogkjokn dh /kj.kk jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa ij vf/d
nsj rd gkoh ugha jgh] rFkkfi jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd foKkuksa osQ fodkl esa ;g ^foKkuokn* (scienticism)
osQ :i esa viuh vfeV Nki NksM+ xbZA jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa osQ iqutkZxj.k dh izfØ;k osQ dbZ lzksr gSaA tgk¡ ,d
rjiQ dbZ fpUrdksa (tSls VkWel owQu) us ^foKku* osQ lEiw.kZ ekWMy dks gh pqukSrh ns nh] ogk¡ oqQN vU; ys[kdksa
dk fopkj Fkk fd lkekftd eqíksa dks le>us dh oqQN fof'k"V leL;k,¡ gksrh gSa tks ,dhÑr foKku (unified
science) osQ ekWMy }kjk ugha le>h tk ldrhA blosQ nks dkj.k gSaµigyk] lkekftd foKkuksa dk mís';
lkekftd O;fDr vkSj lkekftd leL;kvksa dk vè;;u gS vkSj fofHkUu fpUrd budh O;k[;k fofHkUu rjhdksa ls
djrs gSa rFkk nwljk] jktuhfrd fl¼karksa dks jktuhfr osQ Øec¼ fooj.k rd lhfer ugha fd;k tk ldrk_
fl¼kaUrksa dks viuh vkykspukRed Hkwfedk vo'; fuHkkuh pkfg,] vFkkZr bUgsa jktuhfr osQ os Li"Vhdj.k Hkh nsus
pkfg, tks vke O;fDr dh le> ls ckgj gksrs gSaA fofHkUu ppkZvksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i] jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa esa dbZ
ifjorZu gq,A ;|fi bu lHkh ifjorZuksa dh foLr`r O;k[;k lEHko ugha gS] fiQj Hkh budh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ è;ku
nsus ;ksX; gSa igyh] vkuqHkfod fl¼kUrksa dh ,d egÙoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk mudh bfrgkl ls foeq[krk FkhA ledkyhu
jktuhfrd fpUrdksa dk ekuuk gS fd fl¼kUrksa dks bfrgkl ls vyx ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bu fl¼karksa us
jktuhfrd fpUru osQ bfrgkl osQ vè;;u dks iquthZfor fd;k gSA nwljh] ekuo fØ;kvksa ls lEcfU/r lEiw.kZ Kku
dh dbZ rjg dh O;k[;k,¡ gks ldrh gSaA vr%] ewY;foghu vkSj rVLFk jktuhfrd fl¼karksa dh /kj.kk ewyr% xyr
gSA rhljh] jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk lEcU/ vo/kj.kkvksa osQ fo'ys"k.k ls Hkh gSA bl lUnHkZ esa jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa
dk dk;Z{ks=k oqQN eq[; vo/kj.kkvksa tSls izHkqlÙkk] vf/dkj] Lora=krk] U;k; vkfn dk Øec¼ vè;;u djuk
gSA pkSFkh] jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa esa vkn'kZd rÙo (normative element) Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA ledkyhu
jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dk lEcU/ ,d rjiQ gekjh jktuhfrd vkSj uSfrd xfrfof/;ksa osQ ewy <k¡pksa dk Øec¼
foLrkj djuk gS] ogk¡ nwljh rjiQ U;k;] Lora=krk] lkoZtfud HkykbZ] lkeqnkf;d thou tSls izeq[k jktuhfrd
ewY;ksa dk ijh{k.k vkSj mudh iquO;kZ[;k djuk Hkh gSA ikapoha] jktuhfrd fl¼karksa dk lEcU/ vewrZ lS¼kfUrd
iz'uksa vkSj fof'k"V jktuhfrd eqíksa nksuksa ls gksrk gSA ;g bl ekU;rk ij vk/kfjr gS fd mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk
O;kid ijh{k.k fd;s fcuk] tks budh miyfC/ osQ fy;s vko';d gSa] jktuhfrd /kjk.kkvksa dks muosQ lgh vFkks±
esa ugha le>k tk ldrkA jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dks leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku osQ izfr tkx:d gksuk pkfg, vkSj bUgsa
iztkra=k] ck”kkj&vFkZO;oLFkk] leku volj tSlh leL;kvkssa osQ lanHkZ esa tk¡p djuh pkfg,A jktuhfrd fl¼kUr
jktuhfrd foKku dk lS¼kfUrd i{k gS] tks izs{k.k osQ vk/kj ij fl¼kUr fuekZ.k djus dk iz;Ru djrs gSa vkSj
vUr esa] MsfoM gSYM osQ vuqlkj] ledkyhu jktuhfrd fl¼kUrksa dh pkj fof'k"V fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa% (i) ;s nk'kZfud
gS vFkkZr~ ;s uSfrd vkSj oSpkfjd <k¡pksa ls lEcfU/r gSa] (ii) ;s vkuqHkfod gS] vFkkZr~ bldk lEcU/ fofHkUu
vo/kj.kkvksa dh O;k[;k djuk gS] (iii) ;s ,sfrgkfld gS vFkkZr~ jktuhfrd fl¼kUr fofHkUu jktuhfrd /kjkvksa dks

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