Page 293 - DPOL102_INDIAN_POLITICAL_SYSTEM_HINDI

Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk

uksV • Hkkjrh; jktuSfrd nyksa dh O;k[;k djus esaA
• Hkkjrh; {ks=kh; jktuSfrd nyksa dh O;k[;k djus gsrqA

izLrkouk (Introduction)

¶Hkkjr esa ftl nyh; O;oLFkk dk fodkl gqvk gS] og u osQoy yksdra=kh; laLFkkvksa osQ izfrowQy gS] cfYd gekjs
ns'k esa LFkkfir yksdrU=k osQ fy, Hkh [krjk gSA¸ µvkj- ,- xksikyu
vkèkqfud yksdra=kh; 'kklu&iz.kkyh osQ fy, jktuSfrd nyksa dk gksuk vfuok;Z gSA jktuSfrd ny ns'k esa jk"Vªh;
egÙo osQ fo"k;ksa ij tuer rS;kj djrs gSa] yksxksa dks jktuSfrd f'k{kk iznku djrs gSa rFkk LFkkbZ ljdkj dh LFkkiuk
djrs gSaA jktuhfrd nyksa osQ vkèkkj ij gh n`<+ fojksèkh ny dh LFkkiuk gks ldrh gS] tks ljdkj dks euekuh djus
ls jksdrk gSA okLro esa dksbZ Hkh yksdrU=kh; ns'k fcuk jktuSfrd nyksa osQ 'kklu ugha pyk ldrkA blosQ vfrfjDr
jktuSfrd nyksa osQ fcuk 'kfDr'kkyh fojksèkh ny dk fuekZ.k Hkh cgqr dfBu gS ftlosQ fcuk yksdrU=k dk liQy
gksuk vlaHko gSA bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd yksdrU=k dh liQyrk osQ fy, jktuSfrd nyksa dk gksuk vfuok;Z
gSA blh ckr dk leFkZu djrs gq, czkbZl us fy[kk gS fd ¶jktuSfrd ny vfuok;Z gSA dksbZ Hkh LorU=k ns'k blosQ
fcuk ugha jg ldrkA fdlh O;fDr us ;g ugha fn[kk;k fd muosQ fcuk yksdrU=k oSQls py ldrk gS\ ;g
ernkrkvksa dh HkhM+ dh vjktdrk esa ls O;oLFkk mRiUu djrs gSaA ny ;fn oqQN cqjkb;k¡ mRiUu djrs gSa rks og
nwljh cqjkbZ;ksa dks nwj vFkok de djrs gSaA¸ (“Parties are inevitable. No free country has been
without them. No one has shown how representative Government could be worked
without them. They bring order out of choas of multitude of voters. If parties cause
some evils, they avert and mitigate others.”)

izks- equjks osQ vuqlkj] ¶Lora=k jktuSfrd ny gh yksdra=kh; ljdkj dk nwljk uke gSA¸ Hkkjrh; jktuSfrd O;oLFkk
ns[kus esa if'peh O;oLFkk yxrh gS] ysfdu vxj ge viuh O;oLFkk dk xgjk vè;;u djsa rks gesa ekywe gks
tk,xk fd gekjh O;oLFkk okLro esa if'peh vkSj Hkkjrh; O;oLFkk dk lfEeJ.k gSA izks- ukWeZu Mh- ikej
(Narman D. Palmer) osQ vuqlkj] ¶Hkkjrh; jktuSfrd O;oLFkk vHkh Hkh fuekZ.k dh fLFkfr esa gS vkSj mldk
vfUre :i vHkh Li"V ugha gks ik;k gSA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr dk Hkkjrh;dj.k vHkh tkjh gSA¸ Hkkjr dh jktuhfr
dk Lo:i vU; fodkl'kkhy ns'kksa dh rjg ijEijk vkSj vkèkqfudrk osQ chp la?k"kZ vkSj leUo; dk Lo:i jgk
gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku osQ ykxw gksus osQ le; ls ysdj vc rd ns'k esa cgq&nyh; O;oLFkk (Multiple Party
System) gh jgh gSA lu~ 1977 osQ vke pquko osQ ckn ;g vk'kk dh tkus yxh Fkh fd 'kh?kz gh Hkkjrh; jktuhfr
esa ^jktuSfrd èkzqohdj.k* (Political Polarisation) dh fLFkfr vk tk,xh] vFkkZr~ oqQN lhek rd Hkkjr esa
f}&nyh; O;oLFkk LFkkfir gks tk,xh] ijUrq oqQN gh le; osQ i'pkr~ bu vk'kkvksa ij ikuh fiQj x;k vkSj lu~
1979 esa turk ikVhZ osQ fo?kVu osQ lkFk ns'k esa iqu% iqjkuh fLFkfr vFkkZr~ cgq&nyh; iz.kkyh LFkkfir gks xbZA

14-1 Hkkjrh; nyh; iz.kkyh dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of Party
System in India)

Hkkjrh; ny iz.kkyh dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kZdksa osQ vUrZxr fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
1- Li"V laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk dk vHkko (Absence of Specific Constitutional Provision)–Hkkjrh;
lafoèkku us ns'k esa lalnh; yksdrU=k dh LFkkiuk dh gSA lalnh; 'kklu&iz.kkyh dk liQy lapkyu djus osQ fy,

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