Page 129 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

lkekftd laLFkk,¡

uksV gS fd ukSdj'kkgh dk ra=k] O;ofLFkr] fu;fer] vuq'kkflr ,oa l{ke gS] blosQ foijhr ;fn ukSdj'kkgh oqQN
djrh gS] rks og mlosQ vdk;Z dgs tkrs gSa] vkj-osQ- eVZu us bls ukSdj'kkgh osQ fy, vdk;Z dgk gSA
tgk¡ rd vuq'kklu dh ckr gSµukSdj'kkgh dh thou&'kSyh dk ,d vax cu tkrk gS] og thou ewY; osQ
:i esa fodflr gksrk gSA lkekU; fgr] ltkrh; nkf;Ro Hkkouk rFkk vius fgrksa dh iwfrZ egÙpiw.kZ gSA ;ksa
ukSdj'kkgh] vkgr naHk osQ dkj.k ljdkj dks Hkh gkfu igq¡pkrh gSA ukSdj'kkgh dh ,d fo'ks"krk gSµlÙkk ls tqM+k
jgukA og lÙkk dk fØ;kUo;u djrh gSA mlesa Lo;a dks 'kfDr laiUu djus dh vuqHkwfr mRiUu gksrh gSA
vfèkuk;doknh fLFkfr esa lÙkk osQ lHkh osaQnz mlesa fufgr gks tkrs gSaA

tura=k rFkk ukSdj'kkgh (Democracy and Bureaucracy)µ;g Hkh lR; gS fd enkUèk ukSdj'kkgh
ewY;ghu gks tkrh gS] ijarq ;g Hkh mruk gh lp gS fd ukSdj'kkgh esa ewY; lanHkZ ik;s tkrs gSaA izR;sd
ukSdj'kkgh esa laLFkkxr lajpuk osQ vuqlkj ewY; O;oLFkk ikbZ tkrh gSA bl ewY; O;oLFkk esa vusd ewY;
O;oLFkk,¡ ik;h tkrh gSaA iztkrkaf=kd lekt esa ukSdj'kkgh esa iztkrkaf=kd ewY; O;oLFkk ikbZ tkrh gSA ;g ewY;
O;oLFkk gh ukSdj'kkgh ij cká rFkk vkarfjd fu;a=k.k j[krh gSA iztkra=k esa foÙk&foHkkx] vU; lHkh foHkkxksa
ij fu;a=k.k djrk gS fd ukSdj'kkgh ml ij Hkh gkoh jgrh gSA blfy, cká fu;a=k.k dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
;|fi ukSdj'kkgh laiw.kZ iztkrkaf=kd O;oLFkk ij fu;a=k.k djrh gS] fiQj Hkh iztkra=k esa jktuhfrd dk;Zikfydk
mls fu;af=kr rFkk funsZf'kr djrh gSA lkoZtfud lsokvksa esa fu;qfDr dk;Zikfydk osQ vfèkdkj esa gksrh gSA
jktuhfrd lÙkk rFkk ukSdj'kkgh ij fu;a=k.k djus osQ fy, yksdiky dh O;oLFkk Hkh dbZ ns'kksa esa gS lkFk
ghµ(1) izfrfufèk ukSdj'kkgh] (2) ikVhZ jkT; ukSdj'kkgh] (3) lsuk fu;af=kr ukSdj'kkgh] (4) 'kkld fu;af=kr
+
ukSdj'kkgh] (5) 'kkld ukSdj'kkgh tSls vusd OkQkuwu ik;s tkrs gSaA
izfrfufèk ukSdj'kkgh jktuhfrd 'kfDr;ksa osQ izfr mÙkjnk;h gksrh gSA ikVhZ ukSdj'kkgh fdlh ,d ikVhZ ls tqM+h
jgrh gS] lsuk ukSdj'kkgh ls lsuk jkT; ij fu;a=k.k djrh gSA 'kkld fu;af=kr ukSdj'kkgh vfèkuk;dokn ij
vkèkkfjr gksrh gS vkSj 'kkld ukSdj'kkgh esa mifuos'kokn dh >yd fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA
ukSdj'kkgh] ,d 'kfDr'kkyh ,dkfèkdkjh lkekftd lewg gSA bldk dk;Z fu;eksa dks ykxw djuk gS vkSj
dHkh&dHkh fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k esa Hkkx ysuk Hkh gSA jktuhfrd lekt'kkL=k esa ukSdj'kkgh dh lajpuk] Hkwfedk
rFkk in] dk;Z rFkk vdk;Z] lHkh dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh;] izknsf'kd rFkk Lrj lsokvksa esa
ukSdj'kkgh dk p;u] izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa osQ ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA lk{kjrk de gksus osQ dkj.k ;gk¡ fuèkZu
oxZ ukSdj'kkgh dk vax ugha cu ikrkA eè;e oxZ osQ fy, ukSdj'kkgh ,d O;oLkk; osQ :i esa mHkjh gSA
10-2 ukSdj'kkgh dh voèkkj.kk (The Concept of Bureaucracy)

ukSdj'kkgh ,d ,slk leqnk; ;k lewg gS tks jktlÙkk osQ dk;ks± dk fu"iknu djus osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gSA bl
lewg ra=k esa yxs izR;sd O;fDr dh fuf'pr Hkwfedk gS ukSdj'kkgh 'kCn izsaQp Hkk"kk osQ C;wjks (Bureau) 'kCn
ls cuk gS ftldk vFkZ gSµfy[kus osQ dke vkus okys est ;k MsLdA iQkbuj us ukSdj'kkgh dks MsLd xouZesaV
dgk gS D;ksafd 'kklu] iz'kklu }kjk gh MsLd ij egÙoiw.kZ fu.kZ; ysrk gS vkSj viuh iz.kkyh dks vkxs c<+krk
gSA
ukSdj'kkgh dh lekt'kkL=kh; O;k[;k eSDl oscj us loZizFke dh Fkh] lkFk gh oqQN vU; fo}kuksa us Hkh bldh
ifjHkk"kk dh gSA ge ;gk¡ ij ukSdj'kkgh dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ ns jgs gSaµ
1- eSDl oscjµ^ukSdj'kkgh fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk] fu"i{krk vkSj ekuork osQ vHkko osQ y{k.k ;qDr iz'kkldh;
O;oLFkk gSA*
‘‘Bureucracy is a system of administration characterised by expertness
importaility and absence of humanity.’’

124 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY