Page 130 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 10 % ukSdj'kkgh

2- ykWLdh (J.H. Laski)µ^^ukSdj'kkgh ,d O;oLFkk gS] fu;a=k.k gS] tks vfèkdkfj;ksa osQ bl izdkj iwjs uksV
gkFkksa esa gS fd os lkekU; ukxfjdksa dh Lora=krk dks lekIr djrs gSaA**
‘‘A system, the control of which is so completely in the hands officials that their
powergeopedires the liberties of ordinary citizen.’’
3- vkj-osQ ekVZu (R.K. Merton)µ^^ukSdj'kkgh] oqQN fØ;kvksa dks djus osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ f}rh;d
lewg lajpuk gS] tks izkFkfed lewgksa dh dlkSVh osQ vkèkkj ij larks"ktud :i ls ugha fd, tk
ldrsA**
“Bureaucracy is a secondary group structure designed to carry on certain
activities with can not be satisfactorily performed on the basis of primary
group criteria.”
4- yqbl dkslj ,oa jkstsu cxZ (Rosenberg and Coser)µ^^ukSdj'kkgh osQ mrkj&p<+ko osQ Øe esa
laxBu dks ml izdkj osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS tks fd cM+s iSekus ij iz'kklfud dk;ks±
dks djus esa yxs cgqr ls O;fDr;ksa osQ dk;Z osQ lek;kstu dks foosdiw.kZ :i ls djus osQ fy, vk;ksftr
fd;k tkrk gSA**
“Bureaucracy may be defined as that type of hierarchial organisation which is
designed rationally to co-ordinate the work of many individuals in the persuit
of larger scale administrative task.”
bu lHkh ifjHkk"kkvksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij ;s rF; Li"V gksrs gSaµ
1- ;g iz'kklfud voLFkk gSA
2- fu;eksa dk dBksj ikyu djus osQ dkj.k blesa ekuork osQ izfr lân;rk ugha gksrhA blosQ foijhr] fu;e
vkc¼rk osQ dkj.k ;g fu"i{k rFkk n{k O;oLFkk gksrh gSA
3- ;g ,d izdkj dk vkSipkfjd laxBu gSA

4- ukSdj'kkgh] vke&vkneh ls vyx fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa rFkk ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk mi;ksx djrh gSA
5- ;g f}rh;d lewg gSA blesa vkeus&lkeus osQ lacaèkksa dk vHkko ik;k tkrk gSA
6- blesa lek;kstu ik;k tkrk gSA
7- blesa in lksiku O;oLFkk gksrh gSA
8- blesa mèoZeq[kh laLrj.k ik;k tkrk gSA

bl fo'ys"k.k osQ vkèkkj ij ukSdj'kkgh osQ y{k.k fuEu izdkj gSaµ
1- fo'ks"k O;oLFkk (Particular System)µukSdj'kkgh ,d O;oLFkk fo'ks"k gSA bldk mís'; gSµcM+s
laxBuksa rFkk m|ksxksa dks O;ofLFkr :i ls lapkfyr djukA
2- in lksiku (Hicrarchy)µukSdj'kkgh esa pijklh] dkexkj vkfn ls ysdj loksZPp vfèkdkjh rd gksrs
gSa] blesa uhps ls ysdj mQij rd dk O;fDr viuh Hkwfedk dk ,d va'k fuHkkrk gSA in dh mPprk
osQ vuqlkj bldh fLFkfr gksrh gS vkSj lqfoèkk,¡ feyrh gSaA

3- dÙkZO;ksa dh O;k[;k (Defining Duties)µukSdj'kkgh esa izR;sd O;fDr }kjk fd;s tkus okys dÙkZO;ksa
dh O;k[;k dh tkrh gSA dksbZ Hkh vfèkdkjh vius vfèkdkj {ks=k ls ckgj dke ugha dj ldrk vU;Fkk
og mlosQ izfr mÙkjnk;h ekuk tk;sxkA
4- fo'ks"khdj.k (Specialisation)µukSdj'kkgh esa fofHkUu in gksrs gSaA izR;sd in dh viuh fo'ks"k
fLFkfr rFkk Hkwfedk gksrh gS] blfy, izR;sd in fo'ks"khdj.k ij vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA izR;sd in osQ fy,
fdUgha fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

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