Page 156 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 12 % jk"Vª&jkT;] ukxfjdrk ,oa yksdra=k

izFke fo'o;q¼ osQ var rd ,slk yxus yxk Fkk fd vkèkqfud jk"Vª&jkT; okyh O;oLFkk 'kfDr larqyu esa uksV
ifj"dkj osQ lkFk] dkiQh le; rd varjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr dks lqfLFkj vkSj 'kkar cuk, j[ksxh] ij gqvk blosQ
Bhd foijhrA ,d vksj jk"Vª izse osQ miQku us ;wjksih; lkezkT;okn osQ fo#¼ ,f'k;kbZ&vizQhdh ns'kksa osQ
Lokèkhurk laxzke dks cyoku cuk;k rks nwljh vksj vaèks ns'k izse vkSj mxz jk"Vªokn us ;wjksi dh ikjaifjd
'kfDr;ksa osQ ,sfrgkfld cSj dks [krjukd <ax ls èkkjnkj cuk;kA teZuh vkSj izQkal dk Vdjko izFke fo'o;q¼
osQ ckn vkSj Hkh tksf[ke Hkjk cu x;kA blosQ vykok :l esa cksy'ksfod ozQkafr osQ ckn ftl lkE;oknh ljdkj
us viuk opZLo LFkkfir fd;k] mlus fopkjèkkjk osQ vkèkkj ij xfBr ,d ozQkafrdkjh jkT; dk fodYi Hkh
lkeus j[k fn;kA ,d ikVhZ osQ ,dkfèkdkj vkSj turkaf=kd osaQnzh;dj.k ij cy nsus osQ dkj.k bl lektoknh
x.kjkT; dh rqyuk if'peh uewus osQ fdlh nwljs tura=k vkSj x.kjkT; ls djuk lgt ugha FkkA izQkalhlh ozQkafr
osQ ckn izQkal dh gh rjg lksfo;r la?k dks o"kks± rd 'kd dh fuxkg ls ns[kk tkrk jgkA ckn osQ o"kks± esa bVyh
esa iQklhokn osQ mn; vkSj teZuh esa ukft;ksa osQ mRFkku us ;g ckr >ydk nh fd jkt'kkgh dks lekIr djus
okys vkèkqfud jkT; esa Hkh vfèkuk;dRo osQ iuius dh fdruh [krjukd laHkkouk,a¡ fNih gSaA izFke fo'o;q¼
osQ ckn laizHkq jkT;ksa dks Vdjko ls cpkus osQ fy, ftl jk"VªoqQy (yhx vkWiQ us'kal) dk xBu fd;k x;k
Fkk] og 'kh?kz gh vliQy gks x;kA ,d ckj fiQj laizHkq jkT;ksa dh LoNanrk osQ dkj.k varjkZ"Vªh; jktuhfr
Hk;kog :i ls vjktd u”kj vkus yxhA

osLViQkfy;k dh lafèk ls igys rd 'kkld dk fdlh jkT; fo'ks"k osQ mQij 'kklu djus dk vfèkdkj tUefl¼
,oa nSo iznÙk le>k tkrk FkkA lÙkk dk vkèkkj èkeZ dh cqfu;kn ij fVdk FkkA ^gksyh jkseu vEik;j* osQ uke
ls gh ;g ckr Li"V gks tkrh gSA èkeZ vkSj jkT; dh lÙkk esa tks varj fd;k tkuk osLViQkfy;k dh lafèk ls
'kq: gqvk og vesfjdh ozQkafr] izQkalhlh ozQkafr vkSj usiksfy;u ;qx osQ ;q¼ksa osQ ckn vkSj Hkh xgjk rFkk Li"V
gks x;kA vkS|ksfxdhdj.k vkSj 'kgjhdj.k dh xfr rst gksus ls Hkh ;g izo`fÙk iq"V gqbZ tSls&tSls ;wjksih;
lkezkT;ksa dk foLrkj gqvk] ;wjksi xSj ;wjksih; ,oa xSj&bZlkbZ v'osr lektksa osQ laioZQ esa vk;k] fofHkUu izdkj
dh jkT; lÙkk ls mldk ifjp; gqvkA bu lc ckrksa dk izHkko vkèkqfud jkT; osQ Lo:i vkSj orZeku
varjkZ"Vªh; O;oLFkk ij iM+uk gh FkkA cSjh tqvku uked fo}ku us baVjus'kuy flLVe bu oYMZ fgLVªh
(2000) esa mu rhu izo`fÙk;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k gS tks vkèkqfud jkT; vkSj ikjaifjd jkT; esa iQoZQ le>us osQ
fy, ennxkj gSA vkfFkZd thou esa O;kikjh oxZ dk mn; vkSj laiUu gksus osQ lkFk ?kjsyw jktuhfr esa bl oxZ
dk vljnkj gksuk buesa ,d gSA nwljk cnyko jkT; }kjk jk"Vªokn dh fopkjèkkjk dks viukuk gS vkSj var esa]
fdlh u fdlh :i esa turka=khdhdj.k dks okaNuh; ekuuk Hkh vkèkqfud jkT; dh igpku dk vfHkUu
fgLlk gSA

12-1 vk/qfud jkT; vkSj laizHkqrk (Modern State and Sovereignty)

vkèkqfud jkT; ,d laizHkq vkSj Lokèkhu bdkbZ gSA ikjaifjd O;oLFkk esa 'kkld dk O;fDrRo jkT; dk i;kZ;
le>k tkrk Fkk vkSj laizHkqrk 'kkld esa gh ewfrZeku] izR;{k ns[kh tkrh jgh gSA laizHkqrk osQ vkèkqfud fl¼kar
osQ tud T;ka cksnka dk ekuuk gS fd laizHkqrk dk vFkZ iztk rFkk ukxfjdksa osQ mQij ,slh loksZPp fu;a=k.k
'kfDr ls gS ftls dksbZ Hkh lhfer ugha djrkA blh rjg fofèkosÙkk] vksiugkbe dk dguk gS fd izHkqlÙkk fdlh
Hkh vU; lÙkk osQ fu;a=k.k ls eqDr Lokèkhu 'kfDr gSA ;g ckr loZfofnr gS fd ,slh lÙkk dk Lokeh jkT; gh
gks ldrk gS] dksbZ ,d O;fDr ughaA gkWCl us ,sls gh jkT; dks ysfo;kFku dh laKk nh gS vkSj esfd;koyh
dk fizUl Hkh ,sls gh laizHkq jkT; dk 'kkld gSA mnkjoknh fpardksa] :lks] oqMjks foYlu vkfn us bl rjg
osQ fujaoqQ'k laizHkqrk laiUu jkT; dh voèkkj.kk dks pqukSrh nh gS] ij ;g ckr lHkh Lohdkj djrs gSa fd ;FkkFkZ
esa jkT; dh laizHkqrk] fo'ks"kdj varjkZ"Vªh; fozQ;kdyki esa] vuqHko fl¼ gSA la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ?kks"k.kk dh i=k
+
èkkjk 14 esa ;g Lohdkj djrk gS fd jkT; vkilh lacaèkksa dks laizHkqrk osQ fl¼kar vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; OkQkuwu osQ
vuqlkj lapkfyr djsaxsA ;g ckr lkiQ gS fd fons'k uhfr osQ fuèkkZj.k vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; lacaèkksa esa jkT; dh

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