Page 160 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 12 % jk"Vª&jkT;] ukxfjdrk ,oa yksdra=k

fodkl'khy nqfu;k esa fLFkfr vis{kkÑr fHkUu gSA eè;iwoZ esa vjc txr esa bLykeh dV~VjiaFkh osQ miQku us uksV
jkT;ksa ij ;g ncko Mkyk gS fd os ;g Lohdkj djsa fd mudh lÙkk dk vkèkkj èkeZ gh gS vkSj 'kkld dh
izHkqlÙkk èkeZ xq#vksa] dkf”k;ksa ,oa mysekvksa osQ fu;a=k.k osQ vèkhu gh jg ldrh gSA blosQ lkFk gh varjkZ"Vªh;
O;oLFkk dk foHkktu] lgksnj bLykeh fe=k jk"Vªksa vkSj bLykeh ns'kksa osQ 'k=kq ns'kksa esa fd;k tkus yxk gSA foMacuk
;g gS fd èkkfeZd 'kqf¼ osQ nkos osQ ckotwn bLykeh jkT;ksa osQ chp vkil esa 'kfDr la?k"kZ ?kVk ugha] c<+k gh
gSA vkèkqfudhdj.k dh vxqokbZ djus okys 'kkjtkg osQ 'kkg igyoh dk r[rk beke [kqeSuh us iyVk] ij lÙkk
xzg.k djus osQ lkFk gh iM+kslh bjkd osQ lkFk tks ;q¼ NsM+k og dksbZ 8 lky rd pyrk jgkA bjkd osQ ckjs
esa rc ;g dgk tk ldrk Fkk fd líke dh ljdkj ,d lSfud rkuk'kkg Fkh vkSj mudh bLykeh i{kèkjrk
,d fn[kkok HkjA ij líke dh ljdkj osQ mUewyu osQ ckn Hkh bjkd ftl rjg osQ lkaiznkf;d x`g ;q¼ ls
xzLr jgk gS mldks ns[kdj ;gh fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd èkeZ dh nqgkbZ nsus Hkj ls vkèkqfud jkT;
dk ,d bLykeh fodYi [kqn&c&[kqn lkeus ugha vk tkrkA
if'peh vkèkqfud jkT; dk ;FkkFkZµbu ckrksa ij FkksM+h foLr`r fVIi.kh t:jh gSA if'pe osQ tks jk"Vª&jkT;
vkt lqfLFkj 'kkar vkSj turkaf=kd u”kj vkrs gSa] mudk ;gk¡ rd dk liQj la?k"kZghu ;k Hkz"Vkpkj eqDr ugha
jgk gS vkSj uk gh ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkt Hkh mudk lekt lkaiznkf;drk ;k uLyokn vFkok Hkz"Vkpkj
ls eqDr gSA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa iw¡thokn dk fodkl fliZQ fdiQk;rh vkn'kZoknh izksVsLVsaV uSfrdrk osQ
dkj.k gh laHko ugha gqvk] ftldk ftozQ lekt'kkL=kh eSDl oscj us fd;k gSA yqVsjs lkearksa us Hkh bl dke
esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA dbZ ukeh&fxjkeh m|fe;ksa (jksdisQyj] dkjusxh vkSj iQksMZ ljh[ks oqQcsjksa) dh
liQyrk osQ rkj viuh dckbyh fcjknjh osQ laxfBr vijkfèk;ksa osQ lkFk tqM+s jgs ftUgksaus vkxs pydj
ijksidkjh nku ls vius ikiksa dks èkksus dk dke fd;kA vkS|ksfxd fodkl dks vuojr tkjh j[kus osQ fy,
Jfed laxBuksa dh ukd esa uosQy Mkyuk t:jh FkkA ;g dke Hkh ekfiQ;k tSls oqQ[;kr laxBuksa dh lgk;rk
ls vesfjdh tura=k esa vusd iw¡thifr&m|ksxifr djrs jgs gSaA pquko osQ oDr Hk;knksgu ls ernku dks izHkkfor
djus osQ iz;Ru Hkh vutku ughaA
okLro esa èkeZ fujis{krk] vkèkqfud oSKkfud lksp vkSj turkaf=kd fl¼karksa rFkk ikjnf'kZrk osQ nkoksa osQ ckotwn
bl jk"Vª&jkT; dh vkèkqfudrk esa] vU; jkT;ksa dh rFkk&dfFkr eè;;qxhu vaèk&fo'oklh ekufldrk esa T;knk
varj ughaA vkèkqfud jkT; vHkh Hkh ,d ^y{;* gh gSµ,d ,slk liuk ftls lkdkj fd;k tkuk ckdh gSA bl
lanHkZ esa ;g ;kn j[kuk mi;ksxh gksxk fd fo'oHkj esa ekU;rk izkIr djus osQ fy, ;g vkèkqfud jkT; dh
igpku fliZQ if'peh iw¡thoknh jk"Vª&jkT; dh udy rd lhfer ugha jg ldrh] mls okLro esa cgqyoknh
vkSj turkaf=kd gksuk iM+sxkA

12-7 yksdra=k (Democracy)

yksdra=k dk vFkZ (Meaning of Democracy)

IysVks ls vkt rd jktuhfr foKku esa ^yksdra=k* (^tura=k* ;k ^iztkra=k*) ppkZ dk fo"k; jgk gSA yksdra=k
osQ vaxzs”kh i;kZ; ^MseksozsQlh* 'kCn dh O;qRifÙk xzhd ewy osQ 'kCn ^Mseksl* ls gqbZ gS ftldk vFkZ gS
^tulkèkkj.k*A blesa ^ozsQlh* 'kCn tksM+k x;k gS ftldk vFkZ gS] ^'kklu* ;k ^ljdkj*A bl rjg ^yksdra=k* 'kCn
dk ewy vFkZ gh ^tulkèkkj.k* ;k ^turk* dk 'kklu gSA vczkge fyadu (1809&65) us yksdra=k dh tks
ifjHkk"kk nh gS] og blosQ 'kCnkFkZ osQ cgqr fudV gSA blosQ vuqlkj yksdra=k ^^turk dk 'kklu gS tks turk
osQ }kjk] turk osQ fy, pyk;k tkrk gS** (government of the people, by the people, for the
people)A
tsEl czkbl (1838&1922) dh ifjHkk"kk dk HkkokFkZ Hkh blls feyrk&tqyrk gSA czkbl osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^yksdra=k
'kCn dk iz;ksx gsjksMksVl osQ ”kekus ls gh ,slh 'kklu iz.kkyh dk laosQr nsus osQ fy, gksrk gS ftlesa O + kQkuwu

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