Page 162 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 12 % jk"Vª&jkT;] ukxfjdrk ,oa yksdra=k

gSA nwljh vksj yksdra=k fuèkZu] Kkughu vkSj xq.kghu yksxksa dk 'kklu gS] blfy, og mÙke dksfV dk 'kklu uksV
ugha gks ldrkA ,d vkn'kZ ,oa fLFkj 'kklu iz.kkyh dh ryk'k djrs&djrs vjLrw bl fu"d"kZ ij igq¡pk fd
og ^vfHktkrra=k* vkSj ^yksdra=k* dk feJ.k gksuk pkfg,A bls mlus ^fefJr lafoèkku (Mixed
Constitution) dh laKk nh ftlesa lÙkk rks oqQyhuoxZ osQ gkFkksa esa jgsxh] ijarq 'kklu dh uhfr;ksa osQ fy,
tulkèkkj.k dh lgefr izkIr dh tk,xhA vjLrw us fy[kk gS fd tulkèkkj.k vyx&vyx O;fDr;ksa osQ :i
esa [kjkc gks ldrs gSa] ijarq lkewfgd :i ls os mrus [kjkc ugha gksrs] tSls FkksM+k ikuh tYnh xank gks tkrk gS]
ijarq cgqr lkjk ikuh tYnh xank ugha gksrkA fiQj oqQyhu yksx 'kklu pykus esa fuiq.k gks ldrs gSa] ijarq 'kklu
oSQlk gksuk pkfg,µbl ckjs esa tulkèkkj.k lgh jk; ns ldrs gSaA tSls vPNs Hkkstu dh ij[k osQ fy, Lo;a
jlksb;k gksuk ”k:jh ugha] vPNs oL=k dh igpku osQ fy, Lo;a cqudj gksuk ”k:jh ugha] vPNh dyk osQ
jlkLoknu osQ fy, Lo;a dykdkj gksuk ”k:jh ugha] oSls gh vPNs 'kklu dh ij[k osQ fy, Lo;a 'kkld gksus
dh ;ksX;rk j[kuk ”k:jh ughaA bl rjg vjLrw us Lo;a ^yksdra=k* dks rks ugha ljkgk] ijarq vkn'kZ 'kklu iz.kkyh
esa mls mi;qDr LFkku nsus dk leFkZu vo'; fd;kA
yksdra=k dh vkèkqfud voèkkj.kk (Modern Concept of Democracy)

yksdra=k dh vkèkqfud voèkkj.kk vkèkqfud ;qx dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh nsu gSA yxHkx lksygoha 'krkCnh ls fo'o
osQ lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd] èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrd thou esa ,sls ifjorZuksa dk flyflyk 'kq: gqvk]
ftlls eè;;qx dh lkearh iz.kkyh dk ßkl gqvk vkSj ^O;fDr* ;k ^euq";* dks lc txg ubZ izfr"Bk feyhA
l=kgoha 'krkCnh esa vaxzs”k fopkjd tkWu ykWd (1632&1704) us baXySaM dh xkSjoe; ozQkafr (1688) osQ
volj ij ;g fopkj O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd euq"; osQ oqQN izkÑfrd vfèkdkj (Natural Rights) gksrs gSa
ftUgsa muls dksbZ Hkh Nhu ugha ldrk_ buesa ^thou] Lora=krk vkSj laifÙk osQ vfèkdkj (Right to Life,
Liberty and Property) dk fo'ks"k LFkku FkkA bUgha vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk osQ fy, O + kQkuwu] jkT; vkSj 'kklu
dh laLFkk,¡ LFkkfir dh tkrh gSaA ykWd us ;g roZQ fn;k fd euq"; ijLij lgefr ls jkT; dk fuekZ.k djrs
gSa vkSj 'kklu&O;oLFkk LFkkfir gks tkus osQ ckn Hkh os fu¯'pr ugha gks tkrs cfYd ljdkj osQ dke dh
fuxjkuh djrs jgrs gSaA os ,sls x`gLokeh dh rjg gSa tks vius thou vkSj laifÙk dh lqj{kk osQ fy, izgjh fu;qDr
dj nsrk gS vkSj fiQj Lo;a yxkrkj tkxdj ;g ns[krk jgrk gS fd dgha og izgjh lks rks ugha x;k gS! ljdkj
dks viuh lÙkk dk iz;ksx djus osQ fy, ukxfjdksa ls yxkrkj ^lgefr* (Consent) izkIr djuh pkfg, vkSj
;g izekf.kr djrs jguk pkfg, fd og vius dÙkZO;ksa dks vPNh rjg fuHkk jgh gSA fiQj] vBkjgoha 'krkCnh
osQ vafre nkSj esa vejhdh Lora=krk (1776) vkSj izQkalhlh ozQkafr (1789) osQ izoÙkZdksa us iqjkus izfrf"Br
oxks± osQ fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa dks pqukSrh nsrs gq, ;g fl¼kar izLrqr fd;k fd lc equ"; tUe ls Lora=k vkSj leku
gSaA bu lc fopkjksa osQ izHkko ls ^tulkèkkj.k* dks ^foosd'kwU;* vkSj ^vkKkdkjh* ^iztk* ls mQij mBdj
'kkldksa dk pquko djus okys vkSj mu ij fuxjkuh j[kus okys ^ukxfjdksa* dk ntkZ feyk fn;kA bl rjg ^turk*
dks ^turk&tukZnu* dh inoh fey xbZ ftlls ^yksdra=k* osQ fopkj dks izfr"Bk feyhA
bèkj oqQN vkèkqfud ys[kdksa us yksdra=k dh fpjlEer ladYiuk dks vius gh <ax ls O;Dr fd;k gSA buesa
baXySaM osQ ,-oh- Mkblh (1835&1922) vkSj tsEl czkbl (1838&1922) osQ uke fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh;
gSaA Mkblh us viuh izfl¼ Ñfr ^ykW ,aM ifCyd vksfifu;u bu baXySaM M~;wfjax n ukbaVhaFk lsapqjh* (mUuhloha
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'krkCnh osQ baXySaM esa OkQkuwu vkSj yksder 1905) osQ varxZr yksdra=k dks ,slh 'kklu&iz.kkyh ekuk gS ftlesa
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fofèk&fuekZ.k cgqer ls fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA mlosQ vuqlkj] yksdra=k esa ,sls OkQkuwu ykxw djuk ,d uknkuh gksxh
tks tulkèkkj.k dks ilan u gksaA Mkblh us fofèk&fuekZ.k vkSj yksder osQ ijLij lacaèk dk foLr`r fooj.k fn;k
gSA ijarq mlus ;g Hkh laosQr fd;k gS fd fof'k"V OkQkuwu fdlh fof'k"V ,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr (Historical
+
+
Setting) dh nsu gksrs gSaA pw¡fd yksdra=k esa yksder ,dlkj ugha gksrk] blfy, mlesa ,dlkj OkQkuwu ugha
cuk, tkrsA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 157