Page 166 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 12 % jk"Vª&jkT;] ukxfjdrk ,oa yksdra=k

lu~ 1950 esa dh gS og gekjk igyk vuqHko gSA ;gk¡ dk iztkra=k] ;gk¡ dh lkekftd lajpuk] ,FkfuflVh] uksV
tkrh; lksiku] èkkfeZd O;oLFkk] {ks=kh;rk vkfn LFkkuh; bfrgkl ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA ;s lc iztkra=k osQ lkekftd
lkaLÑfrd vkSj vkfFkZd vkèkkj gSa vkSj bUgha osQ lanHkZ esa ge vkt ns'k dh tks iztkrkaf=kd O;oLFkk gS] mldk
mYys[k djsaxsA

D;k vki tkurs gSa jkek;.k dk jpukdky bZlk ls 1500 o"kZ iwoZ rFkk egkHkkjr dk jpukdky bZlk
ls 900 o"kZ iwoZ dk gSA

12-9 Hkkjrh; iztkra=k dh izÑfr (Nature of Indian Democracy)

gekjs ns'k dk lafoèkku bl ns'k dh iztkrkaf=kd iz.kkyh dk cgqr cM+k nLrkos”k gSA bl lafoèkku osQ vkèkkj ij
gh O + kQkuwu cuk;k tkrk gSA laln ;k lHkk fdlh Hkh ,sls O + kQkuwu dks ugha ikfjr dj ldrh tks lafoèkku dh
vogsyuk djsA ;g vo'; gS fd laln lafoèkku esa la'kksèku vo'; dj ldrh gS vkSj pkgs rks bls jn~n Hkh
dj ldrh gSA ysfdu tc rd lafoèkku ykxw gS] ns'k mlh osQ fu;a=k.k esa pyrk gSA U;k;ikfydk Hkh blesa
dksbZ n[ky ugha dj ldrhA nwljk] ;fn ljdkj oqQN uhfr&fuèkkZj.k djrh gS rc ;g Hkh lafoèkku dh èkkjkvksa
osQ varxZr gh gksrk gSA bl Hkk¡fr lafoèkku ns'k osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ nLrkos”k blfy, gS fd ljdkj dk O + kQkuwu]
mldh uhfr;k¡ vkSj mlosQ dkedkt lc lafoèkku osQ {ks=k esa vkrs gSaA lafoèkku us izR;sd ukxfjd dks ekSfyd
vfèkdkj (Fundamental Rights) fn, gSaA ;s vfèkdkj cksyus dh] fy[kus dh] mikluk djus dh
Lora=krk ls tqM+s gSaA buosQ vfrfjDr jkT; osQ uhfr funsZ'kd rRo gSaA ;s funsZ'kd rRo bl ckr dk oknk djrs
gSa fd jkT; vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; fiNM+s oxks± dks fo'ks"k lqj{kk nsxkA
;g lafoèkku gh gS ftlus bu vuqlwfpr lewgksa dks vkj{k.k fn;k gSA lafoèkku us gh fodkl vkSj lqj{kk osQ
laoSèkkfud vfèkdkj fn, gSaA lafoèkku dh èkkjk,¡ bl ckr dk iz;kl djrh gSa fd ;g ns'k jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd
vkSj iz'kklfud n`f"V ls ,d la?k dh rjg dke djsxkA blh dkj.k ;gk¡ dh osaQnz vkSj jkT; dh ljdkjsa
la?kkRed O;oLFkk osQ uke ls tkuh tkrh gSaA oLrqr% Hkkjr ,d la?k gS ftlesa jkT; gS vkSj osaQnzh; 'kklu gSA
jkT; vkSj osaQnz osQ dke djus osQ {ks=kksa dks Hkh lafoèkku us foHkkftr dj fn;k gSA
mQij tks fooj.k fn;k x;k gS mldk ljksdkj ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa vkSj jkT; osQ uhfr&funsZ'kd rRoksa ls gSA gekjs
;gk¡ vesfjdk dh rjg nksgjh (Dual) ukxfjdrk ugha gSA fdlh ,d jkT; dk ukxfjd lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj
laiw.kZ ns'k dk ukxfjd le>k tkrk gSA ge lafoèkku dh vkSj iztkrkaf=kd O;oLFkk dh fdlh Hkh foLrkj osQ
lkFk ;gk¡ ppkZ djuk mfpr ugha le>rsA ge rks osQoy ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd tks iztkrkaf=kd O;oLFkk
gekjs ;gk¡ dke dj jgh gS] og lafoèkku osQ varxZr bl ns'k dks ,d jk"Vª osQ :i esa ck¡èkdj j[krh
gSaA vkt Hkkjr ,d iztkrkaf=kd] èkeZfujis{k (Secular) vkSj lektoknh jk"Vª gSA lafoèkku vkSj blosQ
varxZr fiNys 50 o"kks± esa tks uhfr;k¡ viukbZ xbZ gSa os gekjs jk"Vª dh izÑfr dks crkrh gSA ;gk¡ ge ,slh oqQN
fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu djsaxs tks gekjh iztkrkaf=kd O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaµ

1- Hkkjr ,d iztkrkaf=kd jk"Vª gS (India is a Democratic Nation)

geus lafoèkku osQ flyflys esa ;g dgk gS fd Hkkjr ,d iztkrkaf=kd jk"Vª gSA ;gk¡ osQ izR;sd ukxfjd dks
fy[kus] cksyus vkSj dke djus dh Lora=krk gSA og vius vfèkdkjksa osQ fy, vnkyr esa tk ldrk gSA jkT;
+
vkSj OkQkuwu osQ lkeus lHkh leku gSaA blh dkj.k lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj jkT; O;fDr;ksa osQ fyax] èkeZ vkSj tkfr
+
osQ vkèkkj ij dksbZ HksnHkko ugha djrkA OkQkuwu osQ vkxs lc leku gSaA

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