Page 170 - DSOC102_SOCIAL_INSTITUTIONS_HINDI

bdkbZ 12 % jk"Vª&jkT;] ukxfjdrk ,oa yksdra=k

,sfrgkfld leL;k gSA bl leL;k osQ fujkdj.k osQ fy, oqQN fopkjdksa us Hkkjr osQ fy, ,d fefJr vFkkZr~ uksV
oaQiksf”kV (Composite) laLÑfr dh ckr dgh gSA bl rjg dh fefJr laLÑfr ,slh gksxh tks fofHkUu
laLÑfr;ksa osQ eq[; rRoksa dks xzg.k djsxhA usg: th us viuh iqLrd n fMLdojh vkWiQ bafM;k (The
Discovery of India, 1946) esa vius fopkj oaQiksf”kV dYpj osQ ckjs esa Li"V fd, gSaA os dgrs gSa fd
Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dks fganw laLÑfr dguk Hkzeiw.kZ gSA ,d ckS¼ dks ysa ;k ,d tSu dks] bu nksuksa dh
tM+sa] budh fopkjèkkjk vkSj laLÑfr iw.kZr;k Hkkjrh; gSA ;g gksrs gq, Hkh u rks ckS¼ vkSj u tSu gh
fganw gSA usg: th ;g Lohdkj djrs gSa fd izkjaHk esa fganw thou i¼fr vkSj n'kZu okLro esa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr
gh Fks ysfdu ckn esa bl ns'k esa eqlyeku vk,] vaxzst vk, vkSj bu lcus ;gk¡ dh fganw laLÑfr dks izHkkfor
fd;kA ,slh fLFkfr esa vkt osQ lanHkZ esa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr rks ,d oaQiksf”kV dYpj gh gks ldrh gSA
laLÑfr osQ {ks=k esa tks fookn gS og vkt nksjkgs ij [kM+k gS % ,d fopkjèkkjk osQ vuqlkj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr
fganw laLÑfr gS_ vkSj nwljh fopkjèkkjk osQ vuqlkj Hkkjrh; laLÑfr fefJr ;kuh feyh&tqyh laLÑfr gSA ,slk
yxrk gS fd bl ns'k osQ fy, fefJr laLÑfr dks gh fodflr djuk mfpr gSA Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dks fganw
laLÑfr dguk rF;ksa osQ vkèkkj ij xyr gSA ysfdu ;gk¡ gesa rqjar dguk pkfg, fd fganw laLÑfr vkt Hkh
,d 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj O;kid laLÑfr gSA blh laLÑfr us ftls ge Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dgrs gSa dks fodflr fd;k
gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj us laLÑfr osQ bl elys dks lqy>kus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ljdkj ns'k Hkj osQ lkaLÑfrd laxBuksa
vkSj lkfgfR;d laLFkkuksa dks vkfFkZd enn nsrh gS rkfd ;s lc laLÑfr;k¡ fodflr gks losaQA ljdkj fofHkUu
lkaLÑfrd {ks=kksa osQ fnXx”k usrkvksa] lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj dykdkjksa dks Hkh vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsrh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj
lkaLÑfrd ea=kky; oqQN vdknfe;ksa dks Hkh vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy, laxhr ukVd vdkneh]
dyk osQ ekè;e ls laiw.kZ jk"Vª esa ,drk ykus dk iz;kl djrh gSA ;g vkdneh jkT; dh vdknfe;ksa osQ lkFk
vius vkidks tksM+rh gS vkSj lkaLÑfrd rFkk lkfgfR;d vk;kstuksa dk iz;kl djrh gSA lkfgR; vdkneh
fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa ,drk LFkkfir djus dk dke djrh gSA blh rjg yfyr dyk vdkneh] fp=kdyk]
f'kYidyk vkSj okLrqdyk dks fodflr djus dk dke djrh gSA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

lgh fodYi pqudj jf[k,µ
5- xksokZP;kso fdl ns'k osQ jk"Vªifr jg pqosQ gSa\
(d) vesfjdk ([k) :l (x) phu
6- ^yksdra=k] turk dk 'kklu gS] tks turk] }kjk turk osQ fy, pyk;k tkrk gSA* yksdra=k dh ;g
ifjHkk"kk fdlus nh gSµ
(d) tkWtZ MCY;q cq'k ([k) tkWu ,I + kQ osQusMh (x) vczkge ¯ydu
7- izQkalhlh Økafr dk le; gSµ
(d) lu~ 1789 ([k) lu~ 1776 (x) lu~ 1866

laLÑfr ea=kky; fons'kksa osQ lkFk Hkh lkaLÑfrd lacaèk LFkkfir djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA os yksx tks laLÑfr
osQ izlkj vkSj izpkj osQ fy, izokl ij tkrs gSa vkSj mUgsa vkfFkZd lgk;rk Hkh nh tkrh gSA lkekU;r;k
lkaLÑfrd ekeyksa dk ;g ea=kky; Hkkjrh; laLÑfr osQ mu igyqvksa dks Hkh fodflr djrk gS tks èkeZfujis{k
gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, Hkjr ukV~;e nf{k.k Hkkjr dk 'kkL=kh; u`R; gSA ns[kk tk, rks bldk fodkl nf{k.k osQ
eafnjksa esa gqvk gS vkSj blfy, bldh izÑfr èkkfeZd gSA ;g ukV~;e fganqvksa dh iwtk dk ,d vax gSA ysfdu
vkt bls èkeZ dk ,d vax u ekudj dyk osQ :i esa le>k tkrk gSA ljdkj blosQ fodkl osQ fy,
èku nsrh gSA dksydkrk esa jkeÑ".k fe'ku fganw gksrs gq, Hkh Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk ,d vax le>k tkrk gS vkSj

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 165