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Unit 2: Functional English Grammar : Transformation and Synthesis of Sentences

(iv) Are you anxious to win a scholarship? Then put your heart and soul in studies. Notes
(v) Had you posted the letter, it would have reached me.
(vi) Unless you take care of your diet, you cannot improve your health.
(vii) Supposing she does not turn up in time, we cannot leave today.
(viii) But that he is sick, he would attend the meeting.
2.1.8 Different Ways of Expressing a Contrast or Concession

Here are some of the commonest ways of expressing a Contrast or Concession:
1. By the Conjunction ‘though’ or ‘although’; as—
Though he worked hard, yet he failed.
Although he worked hard, still he failed.
He does not help me although he is my brother.
2. By the Conjunction ‘as’—
Poor as he is, he cannot send his son to a college.
Rich as he is, he is not proud.
3. By the Conjunction ‘if, ‘even if ‘; as—
If he offered bribe, he did not do it willingly.
He will appear in the examination, even if he is ill.
4. By the Preposition ‘notwithstanding’ followed by a Clause; as—
Notwithstanding that he is ill, he appeared in the examination.
He did not cast his vote notwithstanding that he was there at the polling booth.
5. By the Relative Adverb ‘However’; as—
However fast he may run, he cannot overtake me.
He will never succeed, however hard he may try.
6. By the use of an Absolute Participle; as—
Admitting that he is your brother, he should not behave like this.
Granting that he is your servant, you should not have beaten him.
7. By the Adverb ‘Indeed’ followed by ‘but’; as—
He tried his best indeed, but he could not win a scholarship.
You have recovered indeed, but you have not recouped your health fully.
8. By the Relative Pronoun ‘whatever’; as—
Whatever his father says, he will have his own way.
I shall not open my mouth, whatever you may do.
9. By the Phrases ‘all the same’, ‘for all that’, ‘at the same time’, ‘none-the-less’ ‘never-the-less’ etc.,; as—
He is poor, all the same he is honest.
He is honest, at the same time he is poor.
He is poor, never-the-less (none-the-less) he is honest.
He is poor, for all that he is honest.
In spite of the fact that he is poor, he is honest.
Self-Assessment
7. Re-write the following sentences in as many ways as you can:
(i) Whatever he says, I shall stick to my guns.
(ii) He is very poor, all the same he lives like a lord.

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