Page 8 - DHIN202_ELECTIVE_HINDI_III

,sfPNd fgUnh—III

Notes
1-1 fgUnh lkfgR; dk çeq[k dky & HkfDrdky (la- 1375 ls
la- 1700 rd)

fdlh Hkh ;qx dk lkfgR; ,oa lkfgR;dkj rRdkyhu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj /kfeZd
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls çHkkfor gq, fcuk ugha jg ldrkA vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy th dk ekuuk gS fd ^çR;sd
ns'k dk lkfgR; ogka dh turk dh fpÙko`fÙk dk lafpr çfrfcEc gksrk gS*A turk dh fpÙko`fÙk ds
ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk lkfgR; ds :i esa Hkh ifjorZu gksrk pyk tkrk gSA turk dh fpÙko`fÙk cgqr
oqQN jktuhfrd] lkekftd] lkEçnkf;d rFkk /kfeZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqlkj gksrh gSA

1-1-1 jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;k¡

jktuhfrd bfrgkl dh n`f"V ls HkfDrdky dks ge nks Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrs gSaA igys Hkkx esa rqxyd
vkSj yks/h oa'k dk 'kklu fnYyh ij jgk (laú 1375 ls laú 1526 rd) vkSj nwljs Hkkx esa eqxy
oa'k ds ckcj] gqek;wa] vdcj] tgkaxhj vkSj 'kkgtgka dk 'kklu jgk (laú 1526 ls laú 1700 rd)A
bl n`f"V ls ;g dky fo{kqC/] v'kkUr rFkk la?k"kZe; dky dgk tk ldrk gSA

i`Fohjkt pkSgku dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ Hkkjr esa dksbZ Hkh n`<+ fgUnw jkT; ugha jg x;k FkkA ifj.kker%
eqgEen xkSjh us ;gka 'kklu djus dh Bkuh] tcfd blls iwoZ lHkh eqlyeku vkØe.kdkjh ywV ekj
dj ds ykSV tkrs FksA oqQrqcqíhu ,scd us ;gka xqykeoa'k dh uhao j[kh fiQj f[kyth oa'k ds vykmíhu
us dsUnzh; 'kklu dks lqn`<+ cukus dk ç;Ru fd;kA fdUrq mlds vk¡[k ewanrs gh cgqr ls fgUnw jktk
mB [kM+s gq, vkSj mUgksaus vius&vius jkT;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj 15oha 'krkCnh rd igq¡prs&igq¡prs
jktiwrkuk ,d çeq[k 'kfDr cu x;kA 1526 esa ikuhir ds eSnku esa ckcj us bczkghe yks/h dks ijkftr
djds eqxy 'kklu dh uhao Mkyh ftlds vdcj] tgkaxhj vkSj 'kkgtgka cM+s ijkØeh 'kkld gq,A

fu%lUnsg bl dky esa dfri; dêðj rFkk lkEçnkf;d eqfLye 'kkldksa }kjk fgUnw turk ij vdFkuh;
vR;kpkj Hkh <k;s x, fdUrq lHkh fons'kh ladh.kZ ân; Fks] ,slh ckr ughaA blds lkFk&lkFk eqfLye
çtk Hkh fo'ks"k lq[kh ugha FkhA /eZ ds vk/kj ij f'k;k vkSj lqUuh yksxksa esa fo}s"k dh vkx lnk
lqyxrh jghA vjch] rqdhZ] bZjku rFkk viQxku vkfn eqlyeku vkil esa lnk tyrs jgrs FksA 'kkld
oxZ esa Hkh jkT; esa fueZe gR;kvksa dk flyflyk pyrk jgkA vYre'k ds flj ij vkjke'kkg dk [kwu
gSA jft;k rFkk ul:íhu us vius dbZ Hkkb;ksa dks in ls oafpr djds jkT; çkIr fd;kA jft;k vkSj
mlds çseh dk o/ gqvkA vykmíhu f[kyth us vius pkpk vkSj eqgEen rqxyd us vius firk dh
gR;k djds jkT; çkIr fd;kA vykmíhu dh efyd dkiQwj ds }kjk e`R;q gqbZA fldUnj yks/h us vius
HkkbZ dks fBdkus yxk;kA eqxy lezkVksa esa 'kgtknk [kqjZe dks vius oqQy ds cgqr ls vknfe;ksa dks
fBdkus yxkuk iM+k vkSj vkSjaxtsc us jkT;&izkfIr ds fy, D;k oqQN ugha fd;kA vdcj] tgkaxhj
vkSj 'kkgtgka ds le; dks NksM+dj eqfLye&dky dk 'ks"k lkjk le; ekjdkV] x`g&dyg] fons'kh
vkØe.kksa ds vkrad rFkk ;q¼ dk dky jgk gSA

Note HkfDrdky ds pkj dfo;ksa μ dchj] tk;lh] rqylh vkSj lwj dh o.;Z lkekxzh ;qx
ds jktuhfrd okrkoj.k ds çfrdwy gSA

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