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Santosh Kumar, Lovely Professional University                                           bdkbZμ13% ekufp=kμI




                              bdkbZμ13% ekufp=kμI (Maps)                                              uksV






               vuqØef.kdk (Contents)

               mís'; (Objectives)
               izLrkouk (Introduction)
                13.1  1857 osQ fonzksg osQ egÙoiw.kZ osQUnz (Important Centres of the Revolt 1857)
                13.2 vktknh osQ iwoZ dk Hkkjr (India Before Independence)

                13.3  lkjka'k (Summary)
                13.4  'kCndks'k (Keywords)
                13.5  vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
                13.6 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)


            mís'; (Objectives)


            bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsμ
                ekufp=k osQ ekè;e ls 1857 osQ fonzksg] vktknh osQ igys dh Hkkjrh; HkkSxksfyd&jktuSfrd fLFkfr dks le>us
                ,oa fo'ys"k.k djus esa_

            izLrkouk (Introduction)


            xouZj&tujy ykWMZ oSQfuax dks Hkkjr esa vkrs gh ,d ,slh ifjfLFkfr dk lkeuk djuk iM+k] tc lEiw.kZ Hkkjroklh
            vaxzsth jkT; ls vlUrq"V gksdj mldk ewyPNsnu djus dks rS;kj Fks vkSj tc 10 ebZ 1857 dks esjB ls
            Lokra=;&laxzke dk Jhx.ks'k gqvk rks vaxzstksa us bls ^lSfud&fonzksg* dk uke nsdj] viuh lSfud 'kfDr ls ccZjrk
            o ozwQjrk dks ijkdk"Bk rd igq¡pk fn;kA bfrgkl bl ckr dk izek.k gS fd gj ?kVuk osQ vius vusd dkj.k gksrs
            gSaA blh izdkj Hkkjr dh bl ozQkfUr osQ Hkh vusd dkj.k FksA fdUrq lR; ;g gS fd blls igys] vaxzstksa dks Hkkjr
            ls fudkyus osQ iz;Ru O;fDr fo'ks"k fd;k djrs Fks] tSls caxky esa vyhonhZ [kk¡ vkSj ehj dkfle osQ iz;Ru] nf{k.k
            esa gSnj vyh vkSj Vhiw lqYrku&fiQj ejkBk&la?k us iz;Ru fd;kA ukuk iQM+uohl] flfU/;k] gksYdj] is'kok]
            xk;dokM+] Hkksalys] lc pkgrs Fks fd vaxzst fdlh izdkj Hkkjr ls fudky fn;s tk,¡A fl[k lsuk us 1849 rd
            ;gh iz;Ru fd;k] fdUrq fl[kksa dk vaxzstksa dks yM+dj Hkkjr ls fudkyus dk vfUre] ,dkdh iz;Ru FkkA vHkh
            rd Hkkjroklh ;gh lksps cSBs Fks fd 'kk;n dksbZ rks vaxzstksa dks Hkkjr ls fudky ckgj djsxkA mUgksaus ckÞ; 'kfDr;ksa
            dh rjiQ Hkh ns[kk FkkA uSiksfy;u] iQkjl] viQxkfuLrku vkSj :l dh 'kfDr;ksa dks iwoZ dh rjiQ vaxzstksa osQ fo#¼
            izlkj djrs ns[kk Fkk] fdUrq dksbZ Hkh fgUnqoqQ'k dks ikj u dj ldkA vUrrksxRok jk"Vª us Lo;e~ v¡xM+kbZ yh] lps"V
            gqvk vkSj fiQj ,d ckj vius HkkX; dks vktekus osQ fy;s vaxzstksa ls Vdjk x;kA izFke ckj Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa
            ;g tu&tkxj.k ozQkfUr Fkh] viuh LorU=krk dks LFkkfir djus osQ fy;s] vU;k; vkSj vR;kpkj osQ fo#¼] fons'kh
            'kklu dks lekIr djus osQ fy;sA blosQ vfrfjDr fuEufyf[kr dkj.k Hkh bl ozQkfUr dks izTTofyr djus esa
            lgk;d gq,A






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