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bdkbZμ5% fofy;e cSafVad osQ lq/kj



            5-2 lkjka'k (Summary)                                                                     uksV

                jktk jkeeksgu jk; tSls izcq¼ Hkkjrh; lq/kjdksa us fofy;e cSafVad dks bl jhfr dks voS/ ?kksf"kr djus dh izsj.kkk nhA
                fnlEcj 1829 osQ fu;e 17 }kjk fo/okvksa dks tykuk voS/ ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA izsj.kk nsus okys yksx
                ekuo gR;k osQ vijkèkh ekus tk,axsA vkjEHk esa ;g dkuwu osQoy caxky iszthMsUlh esa ykxw fd;k x;k vkSj
                1830 esa ;g fu;e cEcbZ vkSj enzkl izsftMsafl;ksa esa Hkh ykxw djk fn;k x;kA
                Bx 'kCn dk iz;ksx vkt izk;% mu O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS tks /ks[ks ls #i;k Nhu ysrs Fks ijUrq
                ml le; esa Bx] MkoqQvksa vkSj gR;kjksa dk ,d lewg Fkk tks funksZ"k rFkk vjf{kr O;fDr;ksa dks ywV dj
                fuokZg djrs FksA lEHkor% muosQ fy, vf/d mfpr 'kCn ^iQkalhxj* FkkA
                Bxksa osQ nyksa dh lnL; la[;k dbZ ckj 400 rd igqap tkrh Fkh rFkk gR;kjs ,d&,d ntZu O;fDr;ksa dh
                ,d gh le; gR;k dj nsrs FksA lrh osQ iz'u ij rks oqQN erHksn Fkk Hkh ijUrq Bxh osQ fo"k; esa leLr turk
                us ljdkj dks leFkZu fn;kA duZy Lyheu dks Bxksa osQ fo#¼ dk;Zokgh djus osQ fy, fu;qDr fd;k x;kA
                ljdkjh lsokvksa esa ykWMZ dkWuZokfyl osQ dky ls pyh vk jgh HksnHkko dh uhfr dks blus lekIr dj fn;kA
                1833 osQ pkVZj ,sDV dh /kjk 87 osQ vuqlkj ;ksX;rk gh lsok dk vkèkkj Lohdkj dh xbZ rFkk dEiuh osQ
                v/huLFk fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dks ¶mlosQ /eZ] tUeLFkku] tkfr vFkok jax¸ osQ vk/kj ij fdlh
                in ls oafpr ugha j[kk tk losQxkA
                mldk rdZ ;g Fkk fd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa u rks dksbZ lkfgfR;d rÙo gS rFkk u gh oSKkfud tkudkjh gSA
                ,d vPNs ik'pkR; iqLrdky; dh ,d vkyekjh Hkkjr rFkk vjc osQ leLr lkfgR; osQ cjkcj gSA

            5-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)


                ferO;;rk  % de [kpZ djukA
                lrh      % ,d ¶ifo=k vkSj lPpfj=k ukjh¸A

            5-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

            1-  fofy;e cSafVad osQ foÙkh; lq/kjksa dk foospu dhft,A

            2-  fofy;e cSafVad osQ U;kf;d lq/kjksa dh leh{kk dhft,A
            3-  fofy;e cSafVad dh iz'kklfud ,oa 'kSf{kd lq/kjksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A
            mÙkj% Lo&ewY;kadu  (Answer: Self Assessment)

                1-  fofy;e cSafVad 2- fu;e 17       3- iQkWlhxj       4- duZy LyheSu

                5-  87

            5-5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)




              iqLrosaQ  1. Lora=krk laxkeμ fofiu pUnz] fgUnh ekè;e dk;kZUo;] funs'kky; fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;A

                      2. vk/qfud Hkkjrμ ,l- osQ- ik.Ms] iz;kx ,osQMeh bykgkcknA
                      3- Lora=krk dk bfrgklμ ch-,y- xksoj ,oa ;'kiky] ,l- pUn ,.M dEiuh fy-] fnYyhA





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